TY - JOUR
T1 - Ozonation of carbamazepine and its main transformation products: Product determination and reaction mechanisms
AU - Kråkström, Matilda
AU - Saeid, Soudabeh
AU - Tolvanen, Pasi
AU - Kumar, Narendra
AU - Salmi, Tapio
AU - Kronberg, Leif
AU - Eklund, Patrik
PY - 2020/4/25
Y1 - 2020/4/25
N2 - Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a recalcitrant pharmaceutical often detected in wastewater and in the environment. CBZ can be removed from wastewater through advanced oxidation treatment methods such as ozonation. In this study, CBZ and its transformation product 1-(2-benzaldehyde)-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2,4-dione (BQD) were ozonated, and the formation and transformation of their ozonation products were investigated using liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The main products, 1-(2-benzaldehyde)-4-hydro-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2-one (BQM) and BQD were quantified using isolated standards and LC-UV. Of the original CBZ concentration, 74% was transformed into BQM and 83% of BQM was further transformed into BQD. Both products are more stable than CBZ and could still be detected after 240 min of ozonation. Another major product, 2,2′-azanediyldibenzaldehyde (TP225) was for the first time identified using NMR. Twelve further CBZ products were identified.
AB - Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a recalcitrant pharmaceutical often detected in wastewater and in the environment. CBZ can be removed from wastewater through advanced oxidation treatment methods such as ozonation. In this study, CBZ and its transformation product 1-(2-benzaldehyde)-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2,4-dione (BQD) were ozonated, and the formation and transformation of their ozonation products were investigated using liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The main products, 1-(2-benzaldehyde)-4-hydro-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2-one (BQM) and BQD were quantified using isolated standards and LC-UV. Of the original CBZ concentration, 74% was transformed into BQM and 83% of BQM was further transformed into BQD. Both products are more stable than CBZ and could still be detected after 240 min of ozonation. Another major product, 2,2′-azanediyldibenzaldehyde (TP225) was for the first time identified using NMR. Twelve further CBZ products were identified.
KW - Carbamazepine
KW - Ozonation
KW - Pharmaceuticals
KW - Product identification
KW - Quantification
KW - Transformation products
KW - Wastewater treatment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85084137128&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-020-08795-0
U2 - 10.1007/s11356-020-08795-0
DO - 10.1007/s11356-020-08795-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 32333356
AN - SCOPUS:85084137128
SN - 0944-1344
VL - 27
SP - 23258
EP - 23269
JO - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
IS - 18
ER -