TY - JOUR
T1 - Occurrence of "mammalian" lignans in plant and water sources
AU - Smeds, Annika I.
AU - Willför, Stefan M.
AU - Pietarinen, Suvi P.
AU - Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo
AU - Reunanen, Markku H.T.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments Prof. Pedro Fardim at the Laboratory of Fibre and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Prof. Harzemoah HaWzoflu at Bartin Faculty of Forestry, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Turkey, and Prof. Mohammad Arfan at the Department of Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan are acknowledged for providing the tree samples. This work is part of the activities at the Åbo Akademi Process Chemistry Centre within the Finnish Centre of Excellence Programme by the Academy of Finland.
Copyright:
Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2007/8
Y1 - 2007/8
N2 - Enterolignans, also called "mammalian" lignans because they are formed in the intestine of mammals after ingestion of plant lignans, were identified for the first time in extracts of four tree species, i.e., in knot heartwood of the hardwood species Fagus sylvatica and in knot or stem heartwood of the softwood species Araucaria angustifolia, Picea smithiana, and Abies cilicia. They were also identified for the first time in grain extracts of cultivated plants, i.e., in 15 cereal species, in 3 nut species, and in sesame and linseeds. Furthermore, some plant lignans and enterolignans were identified in extracts of water from different sources, i.e., in sewage treatment plant influent and effluent and in humic water, and for the first time also in tap and seawater. They were present also in water processed through a water purification system (ultrapure water). As enterolignans seem to be abundant in the aquatic environment, the occurrence of enterolignans in plant sources is most likely due to uptake by the roots from the surrounding water. This uptake was also shown experimentally by treating wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare) seeds with purified lignan-free water spiked with enterolactone (EL) during germination and growth. Both the remaining seeds and seedlings contained high EL levels, especially the roots. They also contained metabolites of EL, i.e., 7-hydroxy-EL and 7-oxo-EL.
AB - Enterolignans, also called "mammalian" lignans because they are formed in the intestine of mammals after ingestion of plant lignans, were identified for the first time in extracts of four tree species, i.e., in knot heartwood of the hardwood species Fagus sylvatica and in knot or stem heartwood of the softwood species Araucaria angustifolia, Picea smithiana, and Abies cilicia. They were also identified for the first time in grain extracts of cultivated plants, i.e., in 15 cereal species, in 3 nut species, and in sesame and linseeds. Furthermore, some plant lignans and enterolignans were identified in extracts of water from different sources, i.e., in sewage treatment plant influent and effluent and in humic water, and for the first time also in tap and seawater. They were present also in water processed through a water purification system (ultrapure water). As enterolignans seem to be abundant in the aquatic environment, the occurrence of enterolignans in plant sources is most likely due to uptake by the roots from the surrounding water. This uptake was also shown experimentally by treating wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare) seeds with purified lignan-free water spiked with enterolactone (EL) during germination and growth. Both the remaining seeds and seedlings contained high EL levels, especially the roots. They also contained metabolites of EL, i.e., 7-hydroxy-EL and 7-oxo-EL.
KW - Abies
KW - Araucaria
KW - Cereals
KW - Enterolignans
KW - Fagus
KW - Picea smithiana
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34447132180&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00425-007-0512-4
DO - 10.1007/s00425-007-0512-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 17497165
AN - SCOPUS:34447132180
SN - 0032-0935
VL - 226
SP - 639
EP - 646
JO - Planta
JF - Planta
IS - 3
ER -