Reliability and validity evidence of the early numeracy test for identifying children at risk for mathematical learning difficulties

This study investigated reliability and validity evidence regarding the Early Numeracy test (EN-test) in a sample of 1139 Swedish-speaking children (587 girls) in kindergarten (n= 361),firstgrade (n= 321), and second grade (n= 457). Structural validity evidence was establishedthrough confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), which showed that a four-factor modelfit the datasignificantly better than a one-factor or two-factor model. The known-group and cross-culturalvalidity were established through multigroup CFAs,finding that the four-factor modelfit thegender, age and language groups equally well. Internal consistency for the test and sub-skillsvaried from good to excellent. The EN-test can be considered as an appropriate assessment toidentify children at risk for mathematical learning difficulties