TY - JOUR
T1 - Kinetic study of the carbonation of epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester catalyzed over heterogeneous catalyst HBimCl-NbCl5/HCMC
AU - Cai, Xiaoshuang
AU - Tolvanen, Pasi
AU - Virtanen, Pasi
AU - Eränen, Kari
AU - Rahkila, Jani
AU - Leveneur, Sébastien
AU - Salmi, Tapio
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is part of the activities at the Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre (PCC) and financed by the Academy of Finland, the Academy Professor grants 319002 (T. Salmi) and 320115 (P. Tolvanen). The authors express their gratitude to Rose‐Marie Latonen for her technical assistance with the FTIR analysis. The authors thank the China Scholarship Council: Co‐operation Program with the UTs and INSAs (France). The authors thank the Johan Gadolin Scholarship Program provided by Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre (PCC) at Åbo Akademi University.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC
PY - 2021/11
Y1 - 2021/11
N2 - The carbonation of epoxidized vegetable oils is a crucial step in the preparation of nonisocyanate polyurethane. Several research groups have screened homogeneous catalysts such as tetra-n-butylammonium bromide for this reaction, but the research devoted to the use of heterogeneous catalysts and on the application of kinetic modeling is rare. Hence, to develop this process on an industrial scale, an appropriate heterogeneous catalyst should be found and a kinetic model developed. A catalyst consisting of an ionic liquid supported on carboxymethyl cellulose has been proved to be a suitable heterogeneous catalyst for this carbonation reaction. A catalyst based on 1-hydroxypropyl-3-n-butylimidazolium chloride and niobium(V) chloride supported on protonated carboxymethyl cellulose (HBimCl-NbCl5/HCMC) was synthesized and tested for the carbonation of epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester. Effects of the catalyst particle size, agitation speed, catalyst loading, and reaction temperature on the reaction kinetics were investigated. The carbonation reaction proceeded efficiently at a temperature of 443.15 K, agitation speed of 500 rpm, and using native catalyst particles with a median diameter of 652 μm. A kinetic model was developed to simulate the conversion of the epoxide group with time.
AB - The carbonation of epoxidized vegetable oils is a crucial step in the preparation of nonisocyanate polyurethane. Several research groups have screened homogeneous catalysts such as tetra-n-butylammonium bromide for this reaction, but the research devoted to the use of heterogeneous catalysts and on the application of kinetic modeling is rare. Hence, to develop this process on an industrial scale, an appropriate heterogeneous catalyst should be found and a kinetic model developed. A catalyst consisting of an ionic liquid supported on carboxymethyl cellulose has been proved to be a suitable heterogeneous catalyst for this carbonation reaction. A catalyst based on 1-hydroxypropyl-3-n-butylimidazolium chloride and niobium(V) chloride supported on protonated carboxymethyl cellulose (HBimCl-NbCl5/HCMC) was synthesized and tested for the carbonation of epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester. Effects of the catalyst particle size, agitation speed, catalyst loading, and reaction temperature on the reaction kinetics were investigated. The carbonation reaction proceeded efficiently at a temperature of 443.15 K, agitation speed of 500 rpm, and using native catalyst particles with a median diameter of 652 μm. A kinetic model was developed to simulate the conversion of the epoxide group with time.
KW - carbonation
KW - epoxidized vegetable oil
KW - heterogeneous catalyst
KW - kinetic modeling
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111109715&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/kin.21526
DO - 10.1002/kin.21526
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85111109715
SN - 0538-8066
VL - 53
SP - 1203
EP - 1219
JO - International Journal of Chemical Kinetics
JF - International Journal of Chemical Kinetics
IS - 11
ER -