Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material—The Effect of Thermal Gradient

J. Lehmusto; S. Söyrinki; J. Lagerbom; T. Jokiaho; Z. Que; J. Määttä; L. Hupa; E. Huttunen-Saarivirta; M. Lindgren

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6

Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material—The Effect of Thermal Gradient

J. Lehmusto^*, S. Söyrinki, J. Lagerbom, T. Jokiaho, Z. Que, J. Määttä, L. Hupa, E. Huttunen-Saarivirta, M. Lindgren

^*Korresponderande författare för detta arbete

Molekylärvetenskap och -teknik

Forskningsoutput: Kapitel i bok/konferenshandling › Publicerad konferensartikel › Vetenskaplig › Peer review

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Sammanfattning

Magnesia-chromite (MgCr₂O₄) spinel-based refractories are applied in nickel and copper flash smelting furnaces, where the refractories experience high temperatures but also thermal gradients due to the cooling of the walls. In the gas space, the refractories are subjected to an aggressive environment with high SO₂ concentrations. Furthermore, the increased use of recycled material streams has introduced new reactive impurities, such as halides, to the process. Therefore, the interactions between the refractories and gaseous species as well as the related reaction mechanisms need to be understood. This study presents a comparison between as-received and spent refractories from a nickel flash smelting furnace to identify the reactive species and shed light on their reaction mechanisms. The thermal gradient over the refractory is expected to affect the microstructure and contribute to the diffusion of elements within the structure. Therefore, special attention was paid to the role of the thermal gradient in the abovementioned interactions.

Originalspråk	Engelska
Titel på värdpublikation	Advances in Pyrometallurgy - Furnace Containment
Redaktörer	Gerardo R. Alvear Flores, Camille Fleuriault, Dean Gregurek, Quinn G. Reynolds, Hugo Joubert, Stuart L. Nicol, Phillip J. Mackey, Jesse F. White, Isabelle Nolet
Förlag	Springer
Sidor	81-88
Antal sidor	8
ISBN (elektroniskt)	9783031501760
ISBN (tryckt)	9783031501753
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6
Status	Publicerad - 2024
MoE-publikationstyp	A4 Artikel i en konferenspublikation
Evenemang	Advances in Pyrometallurgy Symposium, held at the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, 2024 - Orlando, USA Varaktighet: 3 mars 2024 → 7 mars 2024

Publikationsserier

Namn	Minerals, Metals and Materials Series
ISSN (tryckt)	2367-1181
ISSN (elektroniskt)	2367-1696

Konferens

Konferens	Advances in Pyrometallurgy Symposium, held at the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, 2024
Land/Territorium	USA
Ort	Orlando
Period	03/03/24 → 07/03/24

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10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6Licens: All rights reserved

Refractory manuscript_LehmustoAccepterat manuskript från författare, 1,48 MBLicens: All rights reserved

https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe202502049389

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Lehmusto, J., Söyrinki, S., Lagerbom, J., Jokiaho, T., Que, Z., Määttä, J., Hupa, L., Huttunen-Saarivirta, E., & Lindgren, M. (2024). Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material—The Effect of Thermal Gradient. I G. R. Alvear Flores, C. Fleuriault, D. Gregurek, Q. G. Reynolds, H. Joubert, S. L. Nicol, P. J. Mackey, J. F. White, & I. Nolet (Red.), Advances in Pyrometallurgy - Furnace Containment (s. 81-88). (Minerals, Metals and Materials Series). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6

Lehmusto, J. ; Söyrinki, S. ; Lagerbom, J. et al. / Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material—The Effect of Thermal Gradient. Advances in Pyrometallurgy - Furnace Containment. redaktör / Gerardo R. Alvear Flores ; Camille Fleuriault ; Dean Gregurek ; Quinn G. Reynolds ; Hugo Joubert ; Stuart L. Nicol ; Phillip J. Mackey ; Jesse F. White ; Isabelle Nolet. Springer, 2024. s. 81-88 (Minerals, Metals and Materials Series).

@inproceedings{26f96aef39fb4a888bd9f1a0580637b6,

title = "Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material—The Effect of Thermal Gradient",

abstract = "Magnesia-chromite (MgCr2O4) spinel-based refractories are applied in nickel and copper flash smelting furnaces, where the refractories experience high temperatures but also thermal gradients due to the cooling of the walls. In the gas space, the refractories are subjected to an aggressive environment with high SO2 concentrations. Furthermore, the increased use of recycled material streams has introduced new reactive impurities, such as halides, to the process. Therefore, the interactions between the refractories and gaseous species as well as the related reaction mechanisms need to be understood. This study presents a comparison between as-received and spent refractories from a nickel flash smelting furnace to identify the reactive species and shed light on their reaction mechanisms. The thermal gradient over the refractory is expected to affect the microstructure and contribute to the diffusion of elements within the structure. Therefore, special attention was paid to the role of the thermal gradient in the abovementioned interactions.",

keywords = "Flash smelting, Gas-phase reactions, Refractory wear, Thermal gradient",

author = "J. Lehmusto and S. S{\"o}yrinki and J. Lagerbom and T. Jokiaho and Z. Que and J. M{\"a}{\"a}tt{\"a} and L. Hupa and E. Huttunen-Saarivirta and M. Lindgren",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2024. ; Advances in Pyrometallurgy Symposium, held at the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, 2024 ; Conference date: 03-03-2024 Through 07-03-2024",

year = "2024",

doi = "10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6",

language = "English",

isbn = "9783031501753",

series = "Minerals, Metals and Materials Series",

publisher = "Springer",

pages = "81--88",

editor = "{Alvear Flores}, {Gerardo R.} and Camille Fleuriault and Dean Gregurek and Reynolds, {Quinn G.} and Hugo Joubert and Nicol, {Stuart L.} and Mackey, {Phillip J.} and White, {Jesse F.} and Isabelle Nolet",

booktitle = "Advances in Pyrometallurgy - Furnace Containment",

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Lehmusto, J, Söyrinki, S, Lagerbom, J, Jokiaho, T, Que, Z, Määttä, J, Hupa, L, Huttunen-Saarivirta, E & Lindgren, M 2024, Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material—The Effect of Thermal Gradient. i GR Alvear Flores, C Fleuriault, D Gregurek, QG Reynolds, H Joubert, SL Nicol, PJ Mackey, JF White & I Nolet (red), Advances in Pyrometallurgy - Furnace Containment. Minerals, Metals and Materials Series, Springer, s. 81-88, Advances in Pyrometallurgy Symposium, held at the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, 2024, Orlando, USA, 03/03/24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6

Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material—The Effect of Thermal Gradient. / Lehmusto, J.; Söyrinki, S.; Lagerbom, J. et al.
Advances in Pyrometallurgy - Furnace Containment. red. / Gerardo R. Alvear Flores; Camille Fleuriault; Dean Gregurek; Quinn G. Reynolds; Hugo Joubert; Stuart L. Nicol; Phillip J. Mackey; Jesse F. White; Isabelle Nolet. Springer, 2024. s. 81-88 (Minerals, Metals and Materials Series).

Forskningsoutput: Kapitel i bok/konferenshandling › Publicerad konferensartikel › Vetenskaplig › Peer review

TY - GEN

T1 - Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material—The Effect of Thermal Gradient

AU - Lehmusto, J.

AU - Söyrinki, S.

AU - Lagerbom, J.

AU - Jokiaho, T.

AU - Que, Z.

AU - Määttä, J.

AU - Hupa, L.

AU - Huttunen-Saarivirta, E.

AU - Lindgren, M.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2024.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Magnesia-chromite (MgCr2O4) spinel-based refractories are applied in nickel and copper flash smelting furnaces, where the refractories experience high temperatures but also thermal gradients due to the cooling of the walls. In the gas space, the refractories are subjected to an aggressive environment with high SO2 concentrations. Furthermore, the increased use of recycled material streams has introduced new reactive impurities, such as halides, to the process. Therefore, the interactions between the refractories and gaseous species as well as the related reaction mechanisms need to be understood. This study presents a comparison between as-received and spent refractories from a nickel flash smelting furnace to identify the reactive species and shed light on their reaction mechanisms. The thermal gradient over the refractory is expected to affect the microstructure and contribute to the diffusion of elements within the structure. Therefore, special attention was paid to the role of the thermal gradient in the abovementioned interactions.

AB - Magnesia-chromite (MgCr2O4) spinel-based refractories are applied in nickel and copper flash smelting furnaces, where the refractories experience high temperatures but also thermal gradients due to the cooling of the walls. In the gas space, the refractories are subjected to an aggressive environment with high SO2 concentrations. Furthermore, the increased use of recycled material streams has introduced new reactive impurities, such as halides, to the process. Therefore, the interactions between the refractories and gaseous species as well as the related reaction mechanisms need to be understood. This study presents a comparison between as-received and spent refractories from a nickel flash smelting furnace to identify the reactive species and shed light on their reaction mechanisms. The thermal gradient over the refractory is expected to affect the microstructure and contribute to the diffusion of elements within the structure. Therefore, special attention was paid to the role of the thermal gradient in the abovementioned interactions.

KW - Flash smelting

KW - Gas-phase reactions

KW - Refractory wear

KW - Thermal gradient

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U2 - 10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6

DO - 10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6

M3 - Published conference proceeding

AN - SCOPUS:85192197806

SN - 9783031501753

T3 - Minerals, Metals and Materials Series

SP - 81

EP - 88

BT - Advances in Pyrometallurgy - Furnace Containment

A2 - Alvear Flores, Gerardo R.

A2 - Fleuriault, Camille

A2 - Gregurek, Dean

A2 - Reynolds, Quinn G.

A2 - Joubert, Hugo

A2 - Nicol, Stuart L.

A2 - Mackey, Phillip J.

A2 - White, Jesse F.

A2 - Nolet, Isabelle

PB - Springer

T2 - Advances in Pyrometallurgy Symposium, held at the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, 2024

Y2 - 3 March 2024 through 7 March 2024

ER -

Lehmusto J, Söyrinki S, Lagerbom J, Jokiaho T, Que Z, Määttä J et al. Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material—The Effect of Thermal Gradient. I Alvear Flores GR, Fleuriault C, Gregurek D, Reynolds QG, Joubert H, Nicol SL, Mackey PJ, White JF, Nolet I, redaktörer, Advances in Pyrometallurgy - Furnace Containment. Springer. 2024. s. 81-88. (Minerals, Metals and Materials Series). doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-50176-0_6

Characterization of a Nickel Flash Smelter Refractory Material—The Effect of Thermal Gradient

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