TY - JOUR
T1 - Structural Catalytic Core of the Members of the Superfamily of Acid Proteases
AU - Denesyuk, Alexandre
AU - Denessiouk, Konstantin
AU - Johnson, Mark
AU - Uversky, Vladimir
PY - 2024/7/23
Y1 - 2024/7/23
N2 - The superfamily of acid proteases has two catalytic aspartates for proteolysis of their peptide substrates. Here, we show a minimal structural scaffold, the structural catalytic core (SCC), which is conserved within each family of acid proteases, but varies between families, and thus can serve as a structural marker of four individual protease families. The SCC is a dimer of several structural blocks, such as the DD-link, D-loop, and G-loop, around two catalytic aspartates in each protease subunit or an individual chain. A dimer made of two (D-loop + DD-link) structural elements makes a DD-zone, and the D-loop + G-loop combination makes a psi-loop. These structural markers are useful for protein comparison, structure identification, protein family separation, and protein engineering.
AB - The superfamily of acid proteases has two catalytic aspartates for proteolysis of their peptide substrates. Here, we show a minimal structural scaffold, the structural catalytic core (SCC), which is conserved within each family of acid proteases, but varies between families, and thus can serve as a structural marker of four individual protease families. The SCC is a dimer of several structural blocks, such as the DD-link, D-loop, and G-loop, around two catalytic aspartates in each protease subunit or an individual chain. A dimer made of two (D-loop + DD-link) structural elements makes a DD-zone, and the D-loop + G-loop combination makes a psi-loop. These structural markers are useful for protein comparison, structure identification, protein family separation, and protein engineering.
KW - Ddi1; Lpg0085
KW - acid protease
KW - active site
KW - catalytic aspartate
KW - pepsin; retropepsin
U2 - 10.3390/molecules29153451
DO - 10.3390/molecules29153451
M3 - Review Article or Literature Review
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 29
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
IS - 15
M1 - 3451
ER -