Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring

Tuuli A. Hakala; Alejandro García Pérez; Melissa Wardale; Ida A. Ruuth; Risto T. Vänskä; Teemu A. Nurminen; Emily Kemp; Zhanna A. Boeva; Juha Matti Alakoskela; Kim Pettersson-Fernholm; Edward Hæggström; Johan Bobacka

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86931-7

Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring

Tuuli A. Hakala
, Alejandro García Pérez
, Melissa Wardale
, Ida A. Ruuth
, Risto T. Vänskä
, Teemu A. Nurminen
, Emily Kemp
, Zhanna A. Boeva
, Juha Matti Alakoskela
, Kim Pettersson-Fernholm
, Edward Hæggström
, Johan Bobacka^*

^*Tämän työn vastaava kirjoittaja

Tutkimustuotos: Lehtiartikkeli › Artikkeli › Tieteellinen › vertaisarvioitu

29 Sitaatiot (Scopus)

Abstrakti

Out of 463 million people currently with diabetes, 232 million remain undiagnosed. Diabetes is a threat to human health, which could be mitigated via continuous self-monitoring of glucose. In addition to blood, interstitial fluid is considered to be a representative sample for glucose monitoring, which makes it highly attractive for wearable on-body sensing. However, new technologies are needed for efficient and noninvasive sampling of interstitial fluid through the skin. In this report, we introduce the use of Lorentz force and magnetohydrodynamics to noninvasively extract dermal interstitial fluid. Using porcine skin as an ex-vivo model, we demonstrate that the extraction rate of magnetohydrodynamics is superior to that of reverse iontophoresis. This work seeks to provide a safe, effective, and noninvasive sampling method to unlock the potential of wearable sensors in needle-free continuous glucose monitoring devices that can benefit people living with diabetes.

Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Artikkeli	7609
Julkaisu	Scientific Reports
Vuosikerta	11
Numero	1
DOI - pysyväislinkit	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86931-7
Tila	Julkaistu - huhtik. 2021
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	A1 Julkaistu artikkeli, soviteltu

Rahoitus

We thank Arctic frame Studio for contributing to Fig 1c. We thank Business Finland (projects: 1258/31/2016, 2538/31/2018) and Academy of Finland (Key Project Funding No. 306041) for financial support. We thank IOT Forge for contributing to the design and construction of the diffusion cell.

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10.1038/s41598-021-86931-7Lisenssi: CC BY

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Hakala, T. A., García Pérez, A., Wardale, M., Ruuth, I. A., Vänskä, R. T., Nurminen, T. A., Kemp, E., Boeva, Z. A., Alakoskela, J. M., Pettersson-Fernholm, K., Hæggström, E., & Bobacka, J. (2021). Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring. Scientific Reports, 11(1), Artikkeli 7609. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86931-7

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title = "Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring",

abstract = "Out of 463 million people currently with diabetes, 232 million remain undiagnosed. Diabetes is a threat to human health, which could be mitigated via continuous self-monitoring of glucose. In addition to blood, interstitial fluid is considered to be a representative sample for glucose monitoring, which makes it highly attractive for wearable on-body sensing. However, new technologies are needed for efficient and noninvasive sampling of interstitial fluid through the skin. In this report, we introduce the use of Lorentz force and magnetohydrodynamics to noninvasively extract dermal interstitial fluid. Using porcine skin as an ex-vivo model, we demonstrate that the extraction rate of magnetohydrodynamics is superior to that of reverse iontophoresis. This work seeks to provide a safe, effective, and noninvasive sampling method to unlock the potential of wearable sensors in needle-free continuous glucose monitoring devices that can benefit people living with diabetes.",

author = "Hakala, \{Tuuli A.\} and \{Garc{\'i}a P{\'e}rez\}, Alejandro and Melissa Wardale and Ruuth, \{Ida A.\} and V{\"a}nsk{\"a}, \{Risto T.\} and Nurminen, \{Teemu A.\} and Emily Kemp and Boeva, \{Zhanna A.\} and Alakoskela, \{Juha Matti\} and Kim Pettersson-Fernholm and Edward H{\ae}ggstr{\"o}m and Johan Bobacka",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Arctic frame Studio for contributing to Fig 1c. We thank Business Finland (projects: 1258/31/2016, 2538/31/2018) and Academy of Finland (Key Project Funding No. 306041) for financial support. We thank IOT Forge for contributing to the design and construction of the diffusion cell. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s).",

year = "2021",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1038/s41598-021-86931-7",

language = "English",

volume = "11",

journal = "Scientific Reports",

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AU - Hakala, Tuuli A.

AU - García Pérez, Alejandro

AU - Wardale, Melissa

AU - Ruuth, Ida A.

AU - Vänskä, Risto T.

AU - Nurminen, Teemu A.

AU - Kemp, Emily

AU - Boeva, Zhanna A.

AU - Alakoskela, Juha Matti

AU - Pettersson-Fernholm, Kim

AU - Hæggström, Edward

AU - Bobacka, Johan

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Arctic frame Studio for contributing to Fig 1c. We thank Business Finland (projects: 1258/31/2016, 2538/31/2018) and Academy of Finland (Key Project Funding No. 306041) for financial support. We thank IOT Forge for contributing to the design and construction of the diffusion cell. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).

PY - 2021/4

Y1 - 2021/4

N2 - Out of 463 million people currently with diabetes, 232 million remain undiagnosed. Diabetes is a threat to human health, which could be mitigated via continuous self-monitoring of glucose. In addition to blood, interstitial fluid is considered to be a representative sample for glucose monitoring, which makes it highly attractive for wearable on-body sensing. However, new technologies are needed for efficient and noninvasive sampling of interstitial fluid through the skin. In this report, we introduce the use of Lorentz force and magnetohydrodynamics to noninvasively extract dermal interstitial fluid. Using porcine skin as an ex-vivo model, we demonstrate that the extraction rate of magnetohydrodynamics is superior to that of reverse iontophoresis. This work seeks to provide a safe, effective, and noninvasive sampling method to unlock the potential of wearable sensors in needle-free continuous glucose monitoring devices that can benefit people living with diabetes.

AB - Out of 463 million people currently with diabetes, 232 million remain undiagnosed. Diabetes is a threat to human health, which could be mitigated via continuous self-monitoring of glucose. In addition to blood, interstitial fluid is considered to be a representative sample for glucose monitoring, which makes it highly attractive for wearable on-body sensing. However, new technologies are needed for efficient and noninvasive sampling of interstitial fluid through the skin. In this report, we introduce the use of Lorentz force and magnetohydrodynamics to noninvasively extract dermal interstitial fluid. Using porcine skin as an ex-vivo model, we demonstrate that the extraction rate of magnetohydrodynamics is superior to that of reverse iontophoresis. This work seeks to provide a safe, effective, and noninvasive sampling method to unlock the potential of wearable sensors in needle-free continuous glucose monitoring devices that can benefit people living with diabetes.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85103995978

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DO - 10.1038/s41598-021-86931-7

M3 - Article

C2 - 33828144

AN - SCOPUS:85103995978

SN - 2045-2322

VL - 11

JO - Scientific Reports

JF - Scientific Reports

IS - 1

M1 - 7609

ER -

Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring

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