TY - JOUR
T1 - Radiation-grafting of flame retardants on flax fabrics – A comparison between different flame retardant structures
AU - Teixeira, Marie
AU - Sonnier, Rodolphe
AU - Otazaghine, Belkacem
AU - Ferry, Laurent
AU - Aubert, Mélanie
AU - Tirri, Teija
AU - Wilén, Carl Eric
AU - Rouif, Sophie
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Three unsaturated compounds bearing respectively phosphate, aryl bromide and sulfenamide moieties were used as flame retardants (FR) for flax fabrics. Due to the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds, radiation-grafting was considered to covalently bond these FR onto fiber structure. Grafting efficiency and location of FR molecules were investigated by weight measurements and SEM-EDX observations. Flammability and especially self-extinguishment were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis-combustion flow calorimetry and a non-standardized fire test already used in previous studies. All FRs were able to diffuse into elementary fiber bulk. Nevertheless only the phosphonated monomer (noted FR-P) was significantly grafted onto flax. Self-extinguishment was obtained for fabrics containing at least around 0.5 wt% of phosphorus. On the contrary the FR content of flax fibers after radiation-grafting procedure and washing was negligible for FR-S and FR-Br, evidencing that these molecules have not been grafted upon irradiation. Moreover, the combination of these molecules prevents the radiation-grafting of other molecules which showed good grafting rate when used alone.
AB - Three unsaturated compounds bearing respectively phosphate, aryl bromide and sulfenamide moieties were used as flame retardants (FR) for flax fabrics. Due to the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds, radiation-grafting was considered to covalently bond these FR onto fiber structure. Grafting efficiency and location of FR molecules were investigated by weight measurements and SEM-EDX observations. Flammability and especially self-extinguishment were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis-combustion flow calorimetry and a non-standardized fire test already used in previous studies. All FRs were able to diffuse into elementary fiber bulk. Nevertheless only the phosphonated monomer (noted FR-P) was significantly grafted onto flax. Self-extinguishment was obtained for fabrics containing at least around 0.5 wt% of phosphorus. On the contrary the FR content of flax fibers after radiation-grafting procedure and washing was negligible for FR-S and FR-Br, evidencing that these molecules have not been grafted upon irradiation. Moreover, the combination of these molecules prevents the radiation-grafting of other molecules which showed good grafting rate when used alone.
KW - Flame retardancy
KW - Flax fibers
KW - Radiation-grafting
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85034973466&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.10.013
DO - 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.10.013
M3 - Article
SN - 0969-806X
VL - 145
SP - 135
EP - 142
JO - Radiation Physics and Chemistry
JF - Radiation Physics and Chemistry
ER -