Mesolevel bifunctional catalysis

The review is focused on requirements for technical bifunctional catalysts containing, in addition to a metal phase and an acid support (zeolite), various components required for providing an effective heat and mass transfer and chemical or mechanical functions. Some catalytic reactions in which these components (e.g., a binder for extrusion) affect catalytic properties are discussed. A strategy of introducing metals into a shaped catalyst by deposition either on a zeolite or a binder, which affects the distance between the sites of various types and the catalytic properties of the resulting extrudates, is described.