TY - JOUR
T1 - In situ catalytic reforming of plastic pyrolysis vapors using MSW incineration ashes
AU - Ahamed, Ashiq
AU - Liang, Lili
AU - Chan, Wei Ping
AU - Tan, Preston Choon Kiat
AU - Yip, Nicklaus Tze Xuan
AU - Bobacka, Johan
AU - Veksha, Andrei
AU - Yin, Ke
AU - Lisak, Grzegorz
N1 - Ska be om fulltext - PIPP! EK 18/11
Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge the Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), and Economic Development Board (Singapore) for the financial support of this research.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/5/1
Y1 - 2021/5/1
N2 - The valorization of municipal solid waste incineration bottom and fly ashes (IBA and IFA) as catalysts for thermochemical plastic treatment was investigated. As-received, calcined, and Ni-loaded ashes prepared via hydrothermal synthesis were used as low-cost waste-derived catalysts for in-line upgrading of volatile products from plastic pyrolysis. It was found that both IBA and air pollution control IFA (APC) promote selective production of BTEX compounds (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) without significantly affecting the formation of other gaseous and liquid species. There was insignificant change in the product distribution when electrostatic precipitator IFA (ESP) was used, probably due to the lack of active catalytic species. Calcined APC (C-APC) demonstrated further improvement in the BTEX yield that suggested the potential to enhance the catalytic properties of ashes through pre-treatment. By comparing with the leaching limit values stated in the European Council Decision, 2003/33/EC for the acceptance of hazardous waste at landfills, all the ashes applied remained in the same category after the calcination and pyrolysis processes, except the leaching of Cl− from the ESP, which was around the borderline. Therefore, the use of ashes in catalytic reforming application do not significantly deteriorate their metal leaching behavior. Considering its superior catalytic activity towards BTEX formation, C-APC was loaded with Ni at 15 and 30 wt%. The Ni-loading favored an increase in overall oil yield, while reducing the gas yield when compared to the benchmark Ni loaded ZSM catalyst. However, Ni addition also caused the formation of more heavier hydrocarbons (C20–C35) that would require post-treatment to recover favorable products like BTEX. Application of MSW incineration ashes in catalytic reforming of plastic pyrolysis vapor promoted selective BTEX yield without altering the leaching behavior of the ashes.
AB - The valorization of municipal solid waste incineration bottom and fly ashes (IBA and IFA) as catalysts for thermochemical plastic treatment was investigated. As-received, calcined, and Ni-loaded ashes prepared via hydrothermal synthesis were used as low-cost waste-derived catalysts for in-line upgrading of volatile products from plastic pyrolysis. It was found that both IBA and air pollution control IFA (APC) promote selective production of BTEX compounds (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) without significantly affecting the formation of other gaseous and liquid species. There was insignificant change in the product distribution when electrostatic precipitator IFA (ESP) was used, probably due to the lack of active catalytic species. Calcined APC (C-APC) demonstrated further improvement in the BTEX yield that suggested the potential to enhance the catalytic properties of ashes through pre-treatment. By comparing with the leaching limit values stated in the European Council Decision, 2003/33/EC for the acceptance of hazardous waste at landfills, all the ashes applied remained in the same category after the calcination and pyrolysis processes, except the leaching of Cl− from the ESP, which was around the borderline. Therefore, the use of ashes in catalytic reforming application do not significantly deteriorate their metal leaching behavior. Considering its superior catalytic activity towards BTEX formation, C-APC was loaded with Ni at 15 and 30 wt%. The Ni-loading favored an increase in overall oil yield, while reducing the gas yield when compared to the benchmark Ni loaded ZSM catalyst. However, Ni addition also caused the formation of more heavier hydrocarbons (C20–C35) that would require post-treatment to recover favorable products like BTEX. Application of MSW incineration ashes in catalytic reforming of plastic pyrolysis vapor promoted selective BTEX yield without altering the leaching behavior of the ashes.
KW - Catalytic reforming
KW - IBA
KW - IFA
KW - Plastic
KW - Pyrolysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100878602&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116681
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116681
M3 - Article
C2 - 33611206
AN - SCOPUS:85100878602
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 276
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
M1 - 116681
ER -