Elektrifiering och automatisering av skärgårdstrafiken

This report examines the feasibility, benefits, and challenges of electrifying and automating the intermodal transport system in the archipelagos of Åboland (Southwest Finland) and Åland. The analysis covers both sea and land transport, focusing on how electrification, digitalisation, and new operational models can improve sustainability, cost-efficiency, reliability, and service availability in sparsely populated island regions.
The study shows that the current transport system relies heavily on ageing diesel‑powered ferries, cable ferries, and commuter vessels, many of which operate on long, low‑density routes with high seasonal variation in demand. These vessels account for significant fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, while also causing noise pollution, seabed disturbance, and shoreline erosion. At the same time, demographic trends, governance complexity, short contract periods, and limited competition hinder long-term investments in fleet renewal.
Technological development—especially in battery systems, hybrid propulsion, charging solutions, and maritime automation—now makes large-scale electrification technically and economically viable. Several routes in both archipelagos can already be electrified using current grid capacity, while others require moderate reinforcement or hybrid solutions using hydrogen. Case studies, including cost modelling for the Utö route and regional bus services, show that electric vessels and buses can significantly reduce operating costs over their lifecycle due to lower energy and maintenance needs.
The report identifies major opportunities: reduced emissions, lower noise levels, improved operational efficiency, integration of digital tools for route planning and energy optimisation, and the creation of new innovation and export potential for Finland’s maritime and battery industries. However, successful implementation requires updated procurement models, longer contract periods, coordinated public–private partnerships, and targeted investment support.
To accelerate the transition, the authors recommend establishing a national centre for electrified transport, to coordinate research, innovation, demonstration projects, and collaboration between authorities, industry, and academia. With strategic planning, Finland can become global leaders in fossil‑free, automated and resilient archipelago transport systems, providing scalable solutions for other regions.