TY - JOUR
T1 - Electrolyte-gated transistors for enhanced performance bioelectronics
AU - Torricelli, Fabrizio
AU - Adrahtas, Demetra Z.
AU - Bao, Zhenan
AU - Berggren, Magnus
AU - Biscarini, Fabio
AU - Bonfiglio, Annalisa
AU - Bortolotti, Carlo A.
AU - Frisbie, C. Daniel
AU - Macchia, Eleonora
AU - Malliaras, George G.
AU - McCulloch, Iain
AU - Moser, Maximilian
AU - Nguyen, Thuc-Quyen
AU - Owens, Róisín M.
AU - Salleo, Alberto
AU - Spanu, Andrea
AU - Torsi, Luisa
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs), capable of transducing biological and biochemical inputs into amplified electronic signals and stably operating in aqueous environments, have emerged as fundamental building blocks in bioelectronics. In this Primer, the different EGT architectures are described with the fundamental mechanisms underpinning their functional operation, providing insight into key experiments including necessary data analysis and validation. Several organic and inorganic materials used in the EGT structures and the different fabrication approaches for an optimal experimental design are presented and compared. The functional bio-layers and/or biosystems integrated into or interfaced to EGTs, including self-organization and self-assembly strategies, are reviewed. Relevant and promising applications are discussed, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell monitoring, ultra-sensitive biosensors, electrophysiology, synaptic and neuromorphic bio-interfaces, prosthetics and robotics. Advantages, limitations and possible optimizations are also surveyed. Finally, current issues and future directions for further developments and applications are discussed.
AB - Electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs), capable of transducing biological and biochemical inputs into amplified electronic signals and stably operating in aqueous environments, have emerged as fundamental building blocks in bioelectronics. In this Primer, the different EGT architectures are described with the fundamental mechanisms underpinning their functional operation, providing insight into key experiments including necessary data analysis and validation. Several organic and inorganic materials used in the EGT structures and the different fabrication approaches for an optimal experimental design are presented and compared. The functional bio-layers and/or biosystems integrated into or interfaced to EGTs, including self-organization and self-assembly strategies, are reviewed. Relevant and promising applications are discussed, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell monitoring, ultra-sensitive biosensors, electrophysiology, synaptic and neuromorphic bio-interfaces, prosthetics and robotics. Advantages, limitations and possible optimizations are also surveyed. Finally, current issues and future directions for further developments and applications are discussed.
U2 - 10.1038/s43586-021-00065-8
DO - 10.1038/s43586-021-00065-8
M3 - Article
SN - 2662-8449
VL - 1
JO - Nature Reviews Methods Primers
JF - Nature Reviews Methods Primers
IS - 1
ER -