Abstrakti
A class of nonionic polysaccharides-based surfactants were synthesised from O-acetyl galactoglucomannan (GGM), water-soluble hemicelluloses from spruce, using naturally-occurring saturated fatty acids, CH3(CH2)(n)COOH (n = 7, 12, and 16). Hemicelluloses can be recovered from waste-streams of papermaking and agricultural processes or isolated by hot water extraction of plant tissues integrated into a biorefinery process. Fatty acids can be recovered as byproducts of the agricultural and food industries. Different synthesis routes were applied to yield amphiphilic derivatives with either a grafted or block structure. Fatty acids activated with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) were grafted to the backbone of GGM molecules on their hydroxyl groups. Alternatively, synthesised amino-activated fatty acids using ethylenediamine were reacted with the reducing end of GGM. By adjusting the reagent ratios, GGM-based surfactants with different hydrophilic to hydrophobic ratios were prepared. Their surface activity was assessed by measuring the surface tension in water. This study presents an approach to design carbohydrate-based surfactants using naturally-occurring fatty acids that may find potential applications in such areas as food, cosmetic, and paint formulations.
Alkuperäiskieli | Ei tiedossa |
---|---|
Sivut | 3771–3790 |
Sivumäärä | 20 |
Julkaisu | BioResources |
Vuosikerta | 8 |
Numero | 3 |
Tila | Julkaistu - 2013 |
OKM-julkaisutyyppi | A1 Julkaistu artikkeli, soviteltu |
Keywords
- Amphiphilic
- Fatty acid
- Galactoglucomannan
- Hemicelluloses
- Reductive amination
- Surface tension
- Surfactant