Water-Based Conductive Ink Formulations for Enzyme-Based Wearable Biosensors

Angelo Tricase, Anna Imbriano, Marlene Valentino, Nicoletta Ditaranto, Eleonora Macchia, Cinzia Di Franco, Reshma Kidayaveettil, Dónal Leech, Matteo Piscitelli, Gaetano Scamarcio, Gaetano Perchiazzi, Luisa Torsi , Paolo Bollella

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

Abstract

Herein, this work reports the first example of second-generation wearable biosensor arrays based on a printed electrode technology involving a water-based graphite ink, for the simultaneous detection of l-lactate and d-glucose. The water-based graphite ink is deposited onto a flexible polyethylene terephthalate sheet, namely stencil-printed graphite (SPG) electrodes, and further modified with [Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] as an osmium redox polymer to shuttle the electrons from the redox center of lactate oxidase from Aerococcus viridans (LOx) and gluocose oxidase from Aspergillus niger (GOx). The proposed biosensor array exhibits a limit of detection as low as (9.0 ± 1.0) × 10−6 m for LOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] and (3.0 ± 0.5) × 10−6 m for GOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10], a sensitivity as high as 1.32 μA mm−1 for LOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] and 28.4 μA mm−1 for GOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10]. The technology is also selective when tested in buffer and artificial sweat and is endowed with an operational/storage stability of ≈80% of the initial signal retained after 20 days. Finally, the proposed array is integrated in a wristband and successfully tested for the continuous monitoring of l-lactate and d-glucose in a healthy volunteer during daily activity. This is foreseen as a real-time wearable device for sport-medicine and healthcare applications.
Original languageEnglish
JournalAdvanced Sensor Research
Volume3
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 25 Apr 2023
MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

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