TY - JOUR
T1 - Water-Based Conductive Ink Formulations for Enzyme-Based Wearable Biosensors
AU - Tricase, Angelo
AU - Imbriano, Anna
AU - Valentino, Marlene
AU - Ditaranto, Nicoletta
AU - Macchia, Eleonora
AU - Di Franco, Cinzia
AU - Kidayaveettil, Reshma
AU - Leech, Dónal
AU - Piscitelli, Matteo
AU - Scamarcio, Gaetano
AU - Perchiazzi, Gaetano
AU - Torsi , Luisa
AU - Bollella, Paolo
PY - 2023/4/25
Y1 - 2023/4/25
N2 - Herein, this work reports the first example of second-generation wearable biosensor arrays based on a printed electrode technology involving a water-based graphite ink, for the simultaneous detection of l-lactate and d-glucose. The water-based graphite ink is deposited onto a flexible polyethylene terephthalate sheet, namely stencil-printed graphite (SPG) electrodes, and further modified with [Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] as an osmium redox polymer to shuttle the electrons from the redox center of lactate oxidase from Aerococcus viridans (LOx) and gluocose oxidase from Aspergillus niger (GOx). The proposed biosensor array exhibits a limit of detection as low as (9.0 ± 1.0) × 10−6 m for LOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] and (3.0 ± 0.5) × 10−6 m for GOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10], a sensitivity as high as 1.32 μA mm−1 for LOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] and 28.4 μA mm−1 for GOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10]. The technology is also selective when tested in buffer and artificial sweat and is endowed with an operational/storage stability of ≈80% of the initial signal retained after 20 days. Finally, the proposed array is integrated in a wristband and successfully tested for the continuous monitoring of l-lactate and d-glucose in a healthy volunteer during daily activity. This is foreseen as a real-time wearable device for sport-medicine and healthcare applications.
AB - Herein, this work reports the first example of second-generation wearable biosensor arrays based on a printed electrode technology involving a water-based graphite ink, for the simultaneous detection of l-lactate and d-glucose. The water-based graphite ink is deposited onto a flexible polyethylene terephthalate sheet, namely stencil-printed graphite (SPG) electrodes, and further modified with [Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] as an osmium redox polymer to shuttle the electrons from the redox center of lactate oxidase from Aerococcus viridans (LOx) and gluocose oxidase from Aspergillus niger (GOx). The proposed biosensor array exhibits a limit of detection as low as (9.0 ± 1.0) × 10−6 m for LOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] and (3.0 ± 0.5) × 10−6 m for GOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10], a sensitivity as high as 1.32 μA mm−1 for LOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] and 28.4 μA mm−1 for GOx/SPG-[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10]. The technology is also selective when tested in buffer and artificial sweat and is endowed with an operational/storage stability of ≈80% of the initial signal retained after 20 days. Finally, the proposed array is integrated in a wristband and successfully tested for the continuous monitoring of l-lactate and d-glucose in a healthy volunteer during daily activity. This is foreseen as a real-time wearable device for sport-medicine and healthcare applications.
U2 - 10.1002/adsr.202300036
DO - 10.1002/adsr.202300036
M3 - Article
SN - 2751-1219
VL - 3
JO - Advanced Sensor Research
JF - Advanced Sensor Research
IS - 3
ER -