Abstract
In the labyrinthine world of global shipping, a silent menace operates in the shadows, one that threatens ecological balance, undermines international law, and fuels geopolitical tensions. This "shadow fleet," an unofficial armada of outdated and opaque oil tankers, primarily serves Russia, as well as Iran, North Korea, and Venezuela, circumventing sanctions and safety standards. Yet its unchecked operations represent more than a threat to economic integrity; they are a ticking ecological and geopolitical catastrophe.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Eurasia Review |
| Publication status | Published - 18 Jan 2025 |
| MoE publication type | E1 Popularised article, newspaper article |
Keywords
- Maritime security
- Geopolitical tensions
- Ecological risks
- Russia
- Sanctions evasion
