TY - JOUR
T1 - Synthesis and characterization of solid base mesoporous and microporous catalysts
T2 - Influence of the support, structure and type of base metal
AU - Kumar, Narendra
AU - Leino, Ewelina
AU - Mäki-Arvela, Päivi
AU - Aho, Atte
AU - Käldström, Mats
AU - Tuominen, Marjukka
AU - Laukkanen, Pekka
AU - Eränen, Kari
AU - Mikkola, Jyri-Pekka
AU - Salmi, Tapio
AU - Murzin, Dmitry Yu
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is part of the activities at the Åbo Akademi Process Chemistry Centre within the Finnish Centre of Excellence Programme (2005–2011) by the Academy of Finland. The authors are grateful to the Academy of Finland for the financial support under the grant 129170 . This work is also associated with the activities of Umeå University Technical Chemistry whereupon financial support from Bio4Energy programme, Kempe and Knut & Alice Wallenberg foundations are acknowledged.
Copyright:
Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2012/4/1
Y1 - 2012/4/1
N2 - Synthesis of solid base Ce-H-MCM-41, Ce-Si-MCM-41, Cs-MCM-41, K-MCM-41 mesoporous materials and Na-ZSM-12, Cs-ZSM-12 microporous zeolites were carried out by means of evaporation impregnation and ion-exchange methods. The solid base catalysts were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, nitrogen adsorption, FTIR of pyridine and temperature programmed desorption of CO 2. The H-ZSM-12, Cs-ZSM-12 zeolite, H-MCM-41, Ce-H-MCM-41 and Ce-Si-MCM-41 mesoporous catalysts were studied for the synthesis of diethyl carbonate starting from ethanol and carbon dioxide, using butylene oxide as the dehydrating agent. Catalyst testing for the synthesis of diethyl carbonate was carried out at 170°C and 4.5 MPa of initial CO 2 pressure. 16 wt.% Ce-H-MCM-41 mesoporous material exhibited higher amount of weak, medium and strong basic sites than that of 32 wt.% Ce-Si-MCM-41. The presence of weak and strong basic sites was observed in the microporous 2 wt.% Cs-ZSM-12 catalyst. Diethyl carbonate formation was observed over Ce-H-MCM-41 and Ce-Si-MCM-41 mesoporous materials. Amount of basic sites and its strength influenced the synthesis of diethyl carbonate over the mesoporous materials.
AB - Synthesis of solid base Ce-H-MCM-41, Ce-Si-MCM-41, Cs-MCM-41, K-MCM-41 mesoporous materials and Na-ZSM-12, Cs-ZSM-12 microporous zeolites were carried out by means of evaporation impregnation and ion-exchange methods. The solid base catalysts were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, nitrogen adsorption, FTIR of pyridine and temperature programmed desorption of CO 2. The H-ZSM-12, Cs-ZSM-12 zeolite, H-MCM-41, Ce-H-MCM-41 and Ce-Si-MCM-41 mesoporous catalysts were studied for the synthesis of diethyl carbonate starting from ethanol and carbon dioxide, using butylene oxide as the dehydrating agent. Catalyst testing for the synthesis of diethyl carbonate was carried out at 170°C and 4.5 MPa of initial CO 2 pressure. 16 wt.% Ce-H-MCM-41 mesoporous material exhibited higher amount of weak, medium and strong basic sites than that of 32 wt.% Ce-Si-MCM-41. The presence of weak and strong basic sites was observed in the microporous 2 wt.% Cs-ZSM-12 catalyst. Diethyl carbonate formation was observed over Ce-H-MCM-41 and Ce-Si-MCM-41 mesoporous materials. Amount of basic sites and its strength influenced the synthesis of diethyl carbonate over the mesoporous materials.
KW - Base
KW - Carbon dioxide
KW - Catalyst
KW - Diethyl carbonate
KW - Mesoporous
KW - Microporous
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84855843999&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.12.004
DO - 10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.12.004
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84855843999
SN - 1387-1811
VL - 152
SP - 71
EP - 77
JO - Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
JF - Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
ER -