TY - JOUR
T1 - Separation of microcystins and nodularins by ultra performance liquid chromatography
AU - Spoof, Lisa
AU - Neffling, Milla Riina
AU - Meriluoto, Jussi
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank Waters Finland for the loan of the ACQUITY UPLC system and the columns in May 2008. Tekes (decision number 40366/06) and the Academy of Finland (decision number 108947) are thanked for financial support. M-RN thanks the National Graduate School in Informational and Structural Biology for support. Dr. Tomasz Jurczak, University of Lodz, is thanked for the cyanobacterial bloom material collected from Sulejow Reservoir.
Copyright:
Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2009/11/15
Y1 - 2009/11/15
N2 - Four ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) columns with different reversed-phase characteristics were tested in the chromatographic separation of 10 microcystins and three nodularins, cyanobacterial peptide toxins. The columns had been designed by the manufacturer to withstand the ultra-high pressure generated by sub-2 μm stationary phase particles and the Waters ACQUITY UPLC system in ultra-fast separations. The gradient mobile phase consisted of water and acetonitrile, both acidified with trifluoroacetic acid, with three gradient rise times: 1, 1.5 and 2 min. The UV detection of the toxins was performed by a photodiode array detector. The chromatographic performance was evaluated both visually and by calculating chromatographic parameters such as capacity factor, resolution, peak width at half height, selectivity and peak asymmetry. The best chromatographic performance as judged by visual inspection was given by the ACQUITY BEH Shield RP18 and ACQUITY BEH Phenyl columns. The BEH Shield RP18 column showed excellent selectivity and resolution of chosen peak pairs considered as critical. A further advantage of the UPLC system was the high sample throughput with a total analysis time of 3.12 min (injection-to-injection) equalling to 461 separations per 24 h.
AB - Four ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) columns with different reversed-phase characteristics were tested in the chromatographic separation of 10 microcystins and three nodularins, cyanobacterial peptide toxins. The columns had been designed by the manufacturer to withstand the ultra-high pressure generated by sub-2 μm stationary phase particles and the Waters ACQUITY UPLC system in ultra-fast separations. The gradient mobile phase consisted of water and acetonitrile, both acidified with trifluoroacetic acid, with three gradient rise times: 1, 1.5 and 2 min. The UV detection of the toxins was performed by a photodiode array detector. The chromatographic performance was evaluated both visually and by calculating chromatographic parameters such as capacity factor, resolution, peak width at half height, selectivity and peak asymmetry. The best chromatographic performance as judged by visual inspection was given by the ACQUITY BEH Shield RP18 and ACQUITY BEH Phenyl columns. The BEH Shield RP18 column showed excellent selectivity and resolution of chosen peak pairs considered as critical. A further advantage of the UPLC system was the high sample throughput with a total analysis time of 3.12 min (injection-to-injection) equalling to 461 separations per 24 h.
KW - Cyanobacteria
KW - Microcystins
KW - Nodularins
KW - Reversed-phase
KW - Sub-2 μm particles
KW - Toxins
KW - Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=72049095102&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.028
DO - 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.028
M3 - Article
C2 - 19819197
AN - SCOPUS:72049095102
SN - 1570-0232
VL - 877
SP - 3822
EP - 3830
JO - Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF - Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
IS - 30
ER -