Sea Anemones, Actinoporins, and Cholesterol

Juan Palacios-Ortega; Diego Heras-Márquez; Rafael Amigot-Sánchez; Carmen García-Montoya; Carlos Torrijos; Diego Laxalde; José G. Gavilanes; Sara García-Linares; Álvaro Martínez-del-Pozo

doi:10.3390/ijms23158771

Sea Anemones, Actinoporins, and Cholesterol

Juan Palacios-Ortega, Diego Heras-Márquez, Rafael Amigot-Sánchez, Carmen García-Montoya, Carlos Torrijos, Diego Laxalde, José G. Gavilanes, Sara García-Linares^*, Álvaro Martínez-del-Pozo^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review Article or Literature Review › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Spanish or Spanish-speaking scientists represent a remarkably populated group within the scientific community studying pore-forming proteins. Some of these scientists, ourselves included, focus on the study of actinoporins, a fascinating group of metamorphic pore-forming proteins produced within the venom of several sea anemones. These toxic proteins can spontaneously transit from a water-soluble fold to an integral membrane ensemble because they specifically recognize sphingomyelin in the membrane. Once they bind to the bilayer, they subsequently oligomerize into a pore that triggers cell-death by osmotic shock. In addition to sphingomyelin, some actinoporins are especially sensible to some other membrane components such as cholesterol. Our group from Universidad Complutense of Madrid has focused greatly on the role played by sterols in this water–membrane transition, a question which still remains only partially solved and constitutes the main core of the article below.

Original language	English
Article number	8771
Journal	International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Volume	23
Issue number	15
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158771
Publication status	Published - Aug 2022
MoE publication type	A2 Review article in a scientific journal

Funding

This research was supported by UCM-Banco Santander Grant PR108/20-26896 and by a REACT-EU grant from the Comunidad de Madrid to the ANTICIPA-REACT project of Complutense University of Madrid. This work is also under the auspices of UnaEuropa-2021 (seed funding number SF-2106). J.P.-O. enjoys a post-doctoral research grant from the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation. D.H.-M. is a predoctoral fellow from UCM-Banco de Santander CT82/20-CT83/20. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, preparation of the manuscript or decision to publish.

Keywords

actinoporins
cholesterol
equinatoxin
fragaceatoxin
pore-forming proteins
sphingomyelin
sticholysin

Access to Document

10.3390/ijms23158771

Sea Anemones, Actinoporins, and CholesterolFinal published version, 1.3 MBLicence: CC BY

https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2023022228193

Cite this

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title = "Sea Anemones, Actinoporins, and Cholesterol",

abstract = "Spanish or Spanish-speaking scientists represent a remarkably populated group within the scientific community studying pore-forming proteins. Some of these scientists, ourselves included, focus on the study of actinoporins, a fascinating group of metamorphic pore-forming proteins produced within the venom of several sea anemones. These toxic proteins can spontaneously transit from a water-soluble fold to an integral membrane ensemble because they specifically recognize sphingomyelin in the membrane. Once they bind to the bilayer, they subsequently oligomerize into a pore that triggers cell-death by osmotic shock. In addition to sphingomyelin, some actinoporins are especially sensible to some other membrane components such as cholesterol. Our group from Universidad Complutense of Madrid has focused greatly on the role played by sterols in this water–membrane transition, a question which still remains only partially solved and constitutes the main core of the article below.",

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note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by UCM-Banco Santander Grant PR108/20-26896 and by a REACT-EU grant from the Comunidad de Madrid to the ANTICIPA-REACT project of Complutense University of Madrid. This work is also under the auspices of UnaEuropa-2021 (seed funding number SF-2106). J.P.-O. enjoys a post-doctoral research grant from the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation. D.H.-M. is a predoctoral fellow from UCM-Banco de Santander CT82/20-CT83/20. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, preparation of the manuscript or decision to publish. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors.",

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AU - Torrijos, Carlos

AU - Laxalde, Diego

AU - Gavilanes, José G.

AU - García-Linares, Sara

AU - Martínez-del-Pozo, Álvaro

N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by UCM-Banco Santander Grant PR108/20-26896 and by a REACT-EU grant from the Comunidad de Madrid to the ANTICIPA-REACT project of Complutense University of Madrid. This work is also under the auspices of UnaEuropa-2021 (seed funding number SF-2106). J.P.-O. enjoys a post-doctoral research grant from the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation. D.H.-M. is a predoctoral fellow from UCM-Banco de Santander CT82/20-CT83/20. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, preparation of the manuscript or decision to publish. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.

PY - 2022/8

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N2 - Spanish or Spanish-speaking scientists represent a remarkably populated group within the scientific community studying pore-forming proteins. Some of these scientists, ourselves included, focus on the study of actinoporins, a fascinating group of metamorphic pore-forming proteins produced within the venom of several sea anemones. These toxic proteins can spontaneously transit from a water-soluble fold to an integral membrane ensemble because they specifically recognize sphingomyelin in the membrane. Once they bind to the bilayer, they subsequently oligomerize into a pore that triggers cell-death by osmotic shock. In addition to sphingomyelin, some actinoporins are especially sensible to some other membrane components such as cholesterol. Our group from Universidad Complutense of Madrid has focused greatly on the role played by sterols in this water–membrane transition, a question which still remains only partially solved and constitutes the main core of the article below.

AB - Spanish or Spanish-speaking scientists represent a remarkably populated group within the scientific community studying pore-forming proteins. Some of these scientists, ourselves included, focus on the study of actinoporins, a fascinating group of metamorphic pore-forming proteins produced within the venom of several sea anemones. These toxic proteins can spontaneously transit from a water-soluble fold to an integral membrane ensemble because they specifically recognize sphingomyelin in the membrane. Once they bind to the bilayer, they subsequently oligomerize into a pore that triggers cell-death by osmotic shock. In addition to sphingomyelin, some actinoporins are especially sensible to some other membrane components such as cholesterol. Our group from Universidad Complutense of Madrid has focused greatly on the role played by sterols in this water–membrane transition, a question which still remains only partially solved and constitutes the main core of the article below.

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KW - cholesterol

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KW - pore-forming proteins

KW - sphingomyelin

KW - sticholysin

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JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences

JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences

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ER -

Sea Anemones, Actinoporins, and Cholesterol

Abstract

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Keywords

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