Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task

Erik Seesjärvi; Jasmin Puhakka; Eeva T. Aronen; Jari Lipsanen; Minna Mannerkoski; Alexandra Hering; Sascha Zuber; Matthias Kliegel; Matti Laine; Juha Salmi

doi:10.1177/10870547211044214

Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task

Erik Seesjärvi, Jasmin Puhakka, Eeva T. Aronen, Jari Lipsanen, Minna Mannerkoski, Alexandra Hering, Sascha Zuber, Matthias Kliegel, Matti Laine, Juha Salmi^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Psychology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

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Abstract

Objective: To quantify goal-directed behavior and ADHD symptoms in naturalistic conditions, we developed a virtual reality task, EPELI (Executive Performance in Everyday LIving), and tested its predictive, discriminant and concurrent validity. Method: We collected EPELI data, conventional neuropsychological task data, and parent-ratings of executive problems and symptoms in 38 ADHD children and 38 typically developing controls. Results: EPELI showed predictive validity as the ADHD group exhibited higher percentage of irrelevant actions reflecting lower attentional-executive efficacy and more controller movements and total game actions, both indicative of hyperactivity-impulsivity. Further, the five combined EPELI measures showed excellent discriminant validity (area under curve 88 %), while the correlations of the EPELI efficacy measure with parent-rated executive problems (r =.57) and ADHD symptoms (r =.55) pointed to its concurrent validity. Conclusion: We provide a proof-of-concept validation for a new virtual reality tool for ecologically valid assessment of ADHD symptoms.

Original language	English
Article number	10870547211044214
Pages (from-to)	1394-1411
Number of pages	18
Journal	Journal of Attention Disorders
Volume	26
Issue number	11
Early online date	2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547211044214
Publication status	Published - Sept 2022
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The study was supported by the Academy of Finland (grants #325981 and #328954 to JS, grant #323251 to ML). ES received support from the Finnish Cultural Foundation (grants #00190963 and #00201002) and Arvo and Lea Ylppö Foundation (grant #202010005). None of the authors have any biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.

Keywords

ADHD
executive function
naturalistic behavior
real-world attention
virtual reality

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10.1177/10870547211044214

10870547211044214Final published version, 647 KBLicence: CC BY-NC

https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022021018473

Cite this

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title = "Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task",

abstract = "Objective: To quantify goal-directed behavior and ADHD symptoms in naturalistic conditions, we developed a virtual reality task, EPELI (Executive Performance in Everyday LIving), and tested its predictive, discriminant and concurrent validity. Method: We collected EPELI data, conventional neuropsychological task data, and parent-ratings of executive problems and symptoms in 38 ADHD children and 38 typically developing controls. Results: EPELI showed predictive validity as the ADHD group exhibited higher percentage of irrelevant actions reflecting lower attentional-executive efficacy and more controller movements and total game actions, both indicative of hyperactivity-impulsivity. Further, the five combined EPELI measures showed excellent discriminant validity (area under curve 88 \%), while the correlations of the EPELI efficacy measure with parent-rated executive problems (r =.57) and ADHD symptoms (r =.55) pointed to its concurrent validity. Conclusion: We provide a proof-of-concept validation for a new virtual reality tool for ecologically valid assessment of ADHD symptoms.",

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author = "Erik Seesj{\"a}rvi and Jasmin Puhakka and Aronen, \{Eeva T.\} and Jari Lipsanen and Minna Mannerkoski and Alexandra Hering and Sascha Zuber and Matthias Kliegel and Matti Laine and Juha Salmi",

note = "Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The study was supported by the Academy of Finland (grants \#325981 and \#328954 to JS, grant \#323251 to ML). ES received support from the Finnish Cultural Foundation (grants \#00190963 and \#00201002) and Arvo and Lea Ylpp{\"o} Foundation (grant \#202010005). None of the authors have any biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} {\textcopyright}The Author(s) 2021.",

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doi = "10.1177/10870547211044214",

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AU - Seesjärvi, Erik

AU - Puhakka, Jasmin

AU - Aronen, Eeva T.

AU - Lipsanen, Jari

AU - Mannerkoski, Minna

AU - Hering, Alexandra

AU - Zuber, Sascha

AU - Kliegel, Matthias

AU - Laine, Matti

AU - Salmi, Juha

N1 - Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The study was supported by the Academy of Finland (grants #325981 and #328954 to JS, grant #323251 to ML). ES received support from the Finnish Cultural Foundation (grants #00190963 and #00201002) and Arvo and Lea Ylppö Foundation (grant #202010005). None of the authors have any biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: © ©The Author(s) 2021.

PY - 2022/9

Y1 - 2022/9

N2 - Objective: To quantify goal-directed behavior and ADHD symptoms in naturalistic conditions, we developed a virtual reality task, EPELI (Executive Performance in Everyday LIving), and tested its predictive, discriminant and concurrent validity. Method: We collected EPELI data, conventional neuropsychological task data, and parent-ratings of executive problems and symptoms in 38 ADHD children and 38 typically developing controls. Results: EPELI showed predictive validity as the ADHD group exhibited higher percentage of irrelevant actions reflecting lower attentional-executive efficacy and more controller movements and total game actions, both indicative of hyperactivity-impulsivity. Further, the five combined EPELI measures showed excellent discriminant validity (area under curve 88 %), while the correlations of the EPELI efficacy measure with parent-rated executive problems (r =.57) and ADHD symptoms (r =.55) pointed to its concurrent validity. Conclusion: We provide a proof-of-concept validation for a new virtual reality tool for ecologically valid assessment of ADHD symptoms.

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Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task

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