Abstract
Screening asymptomatic organisms (humans, animals, plants) with a high-diagnostic accuracy using point-of-care-testing (POCT) technologies, though still visionary holds great potential. Convenient surveillance requires easy-to-use, cost-effective, ultra-portable but highly reliable, in-vitro-diagnostic devices that are ready for use wherever they are needed. Currently, there are not yet such devices available on the market, but there are a couple more promising technologies developed at readiness-level 5: the Clustered-Regularly-Interspaced-Short-Palindromic-Repeats (CRISPR) lateral-flow-strip tests and the Single-Molecule-with-a-large-Transistor (SiMoT) bioelectronic palmar devices. They both hold key features delineated by the World-Health-Organization for POCT systems and an occurrence of false-positive and false-negative errors <1–5% resulting in diagnostic-selectivity and sensitivity >95–99%, while limit-of-detections are of few markers. CRISPR-strip is a molecular assay that, can detect down to few copies of DNA/RNA markers in blood while SiMoT immunometric and molecular test can detect down to a single oligonucleotide, protein marker, or pathogens in 0.1mL of blood, saliva, and olive-sap. These technologies can prospectively enable the systematic and reliable surveillance of asymptomatic ones prior to worsening/proliferation of illnesses allowing for timely diagnosis and swift prognosis. This could establish a proactive healthcare ecosystem that results in effective treatments for all living organisms generating diffuse and well-being at efficient costs.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 2309705 |
| Journal | Advanced Materials |
| Volume | 36 |
| Issue number | 13 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 28 Mar 2024 |
| Externally published | Yes |
| MoE publication type | A2 Review article in a scientific journal |
Funding
E.M. and F.T. contributed equally to this work as first authors L.T. acknowledges Eugenio Cantatore, Irene Esposito, Fabrizio Antonio Viola, and Mario Caironi for useful discussions. The following projects were acknowledged for partial financial support: The project BIOSCREEN (POR FESR 2014–2020, ID number 1831459, CUP E81B20000320007 funded by the European Commission, the Italian Government, and Regione Lombardia. H2020 – Electronic Smart Systems – SiMBiT: Single-molecule bio-electronic smart system array for clinical testing (Grant agreement ID: 824946). A binary sensor with single-molecule digit to discriminate biofluids enclosing zero or at least one biomarker (NoOne) ERC Starting Grant 2021 (GA 101040383); Tecnologie portatili e protocolli innovativi per la diagnosi ultrasensibile di Xylella fastidiosa direttamente in piante e vettori (1LIVEXYLELLA) Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste – MIPAAF D.M. n.419161 del 13/09/2022; “I primi mille clinical trial con il Centro DIGITAL ASSAY”, Centro di Innovazione Regionale Digital Assay, Presidente Prof. L. Torsi, Responsabile Scientifico UNIBA E. Macchia, Responsabile Scientifico UNIBS F.T., Regione PUGLIA Delibera Regionale n 702 del 08/11/2022, CUP B93C22000840001; Italian network of excellence for advanced diagnosis (INNOVA), Ministero della Salute -code PNC-E3-2022-23683266 PNC-HLS-DA, CUP: C43C22001630001; Complementary National Plan PNC-I.1 “Research initiatives for innovative technologies and pathways in the health and welfare sector” D.D. 931 of 06/06/2022, DARE – DigitAl lifelong pRevEntion initiative, code PNC0000002, CUP: B53C22006420001. PNRR MUR project PE0000023-NQSTI; MUR – Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2023–2027 – Quantum Sensing and Modelling for One-Health (QuaSiModO). ChatGPT (https://chat.openai.com/) is acknowledged for suggesting improvements in the English form and the grammar.
Keywords
- clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas (CRISPR/Cas)
- lateral flow strip test
- one health
- point of care testing (POCT)
- preventing healthcare
- Single-molecule with a large transistor(SiMoT)