Physicochemical design of the morphology and ultrastructure of cellulose beads

Jani Trygg; Pedro Fardim; Martin Gericke; Ermei Mäkilä; Jarno Salonen

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.085

Physicochemical design of the morphology and ultrastructure of cellulose beads

Jani Trygg, Pedro Fardim, Martin Gericke, Ermei Mäkilä, Jarno Salonen

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

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Abstract

Cellulose was dissolved in NaOH-urea-water and beads were prepared by coagulation into nitric acid as well as saline solution. Morphology and ultrastructure of the beads were modified by controlling the molarity of the acid (0-10M) and temperature (5-50°C) of the coagulation media and the cellulose concentration (3-7%). The beads were characterized by optical image analysis (shape, volume, and size distribution) and weight (total porosity). Cross-sections of CO2 critical point dried beads were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and specific surface areas of 336-470m(2)g(-1) were determined from nitrogen adsorption isoterms. Pore size distribution was analyzed using solute exclusion technique. Our results demonstrate that the ultrastructure can be controlled by alteration of the coagulation conditions. Changes in size, shape and surface area were substential. Also generation of micro- (⩽2Å), meso-, or macropores (⩾50Å) can be favored.

Original language	Undefined/Unknown
Pages (from-to)	291–299
Journal	Carbohydrate Polymers
Volume	93
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.085
Publication status	Published - 2013
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

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10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.085

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title = "Physicochemical design of the morphology and ultrastructure of cellulose beads",

abstract = "Cellulose was dissolved in NaOH-urea-water and beads were prepared by coagulation into nitric acid as well as saline solution. Morphology and ultrastructure of the beads were modified by controlling the molarity of the acid (0-10M) and temperature (5-50°C) of the coagulation media and the cellulose concentration (3-7%). The beads were characterized by optical image analysis (shape, volume, and size distribution) and weight (total porosity). Cross-sections of CO2 critical point dried beads were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and specific surface areas of 336-470m(2)g(-1) were determined from nitrogen adsorption isoterms. Pore size distribution was analyzed using solute exclusion technique. Our results demonstrate that the ultrastructure can be controlled by alteration of the coagulation conditions. Changes in size, shape and surface area were substential. Also generation of micro- (⩽2Å), meso-, or macropores (⩾50Å) can be favored.",

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T1 - Physicochemical design of the morphology and ultrastructure of cellulose beads

AU - Trygg, Jani

AU - Fardim, Pedro

AU - Gericke, Martin

AU - Mäkilä, Ermei

AU - Salonen, Jarno

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - Cellulose was dissolved in NaOH-urea-water and beads were prepared by coagulation into nitric acid as well as saline solution. Morphology and ultrastructure of the beads were modified by controlling the molarity of the acid (0-10M) and temperature (5-50°C) of the coagulation media and the cellulose concentration (3-7%). The beads were characterized by optical image analysis (shape, volume, and size distribution) and weight (total porosity). Cross-sections of CO2 critical point dried beads were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and specific surface areas of 336-470m(2)g(-1) were determined from nitrogen adsorption isoterms. Pore size distribution was analyzed using solute exclusion technique. Our results demonstrate that the ultrastructure can be controlled by alteration of the coagulation conditions. Changes in size, shape and surface area were substential. Also generation of micro- (⩽2Å), meso-, or macropores (⩾50Å) can be favored.

AB - Cellulose was dissolved in NaOH-urea-water and beads were prepared by coagulation into nitric acid as well as saline solution. Morphology and ultrastructure of the beads were modified by controlling the molarity of the acid (0-10M) and temperature (5-50°C) of the coagulation media and the cellulose concentration (3-7%). The beads were characterized by optical image analysis (shape, volume, and size distribution) and weight (total porosity). Cross-sections of CO2 critical point dried beads were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and specific surface areas of 336-470m(2)g(-1) were determined from nitrogen adsorption isoterms. Pore size distribution was analyzed using solute exclusion technique. Our results demonstrate that the ultrastructure can be controlled by alteration of the coagulation conditions. Changes in size, shape and surface area were substential. Also generation of micro- (⩽2Å), meso-, or macropores (⩾50Å) can be favored.

U2 - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.085

DO - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.085

M3 - Artikel

SN - 0144-8617

VL - 93

SP - 291

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JO - Carbohydrate Polymers

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