Abstract
Biosensors have demonstrated versatility across numerous applications; however, their systematic optimization remains a primary obstacle, limiting their widespread adoption as dependable point-of-care tests. Experimental design, a powerful chemometric tool, offers a solution by effectively guiding the development and optimization of ultrasensitive biosensors. This perspective review provides an overview of recent applications of experimental design in the deployment of optical and electrical ultrasensitive biosensors. Various experimental designs, including full factorial, central composite, and mixture designs, are examined as systematic methodologies for optimizing biosensor fabrication, accounting for both individual variable effects and their interactions. Illustrative examples showcasing the optimization of optical and electronic biosensors through design of experiments are presented and critically analyzed. Finally, the future prospects of experimental design in the biosensor community are outlined, highlighting its potential to expedite development and bolster the performance of biosensing devices for point-of-care diagnostics, thereby facilitating their sustainable and reliable integration.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 15382-15400 |
| Number of pages | 19 |
| Journal | Journal of Materials Chemistry C |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue number | 38 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 16 Sept 2024 |
| MoE publication type | A2 Review article in a scientific journal |
Funding
Prof. Riccardo Leardi and Dr Emanuele Farinini are acknowledge for useful discussions. Centro di Innovazione Regionale Digital Assay, Regione PUGLIA Delibera Regionale n 702 del 08/11/2022 CUP B93C22000840001; NoOne-A binary sensor with single-molecule digit to discriminate biofluids enclosing zero or at least one biomarker, ERC Stg2021, GA:101040383; PRIN project prot.2017RHX2E4 “At the forefront of Analytical ChemisTry: disrUptive detection technoLogies to improve; Italian network of excellence for advanced diagnosis (INNOVA), Ministero della Salute -code PNC-E3-2022-23683266 PNC-HLS-DA, CUP: C43C22001630001; Complementary National Plan PNC-I.1 “Research initiatives for innovative technologies and pathways in the health and welfare sector” D.D. 931 of 06/06/2022, DARE – DigitAl lifelong pRevEntion initiative, code PNC0000002, CUP: B53C22006420001; Tecnologie portatili e protocolli innovativi per la diagnosi ultrasensibile di Xylella fastidiosa direttamente in piante e vettori (1LIVEXYLELLA) Ministero dell’agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste – MIPAAF D.M. n.419161 del 13/09/2022; Research actions for reducing the impact on agricultural and natural ecosystems of the harmful plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa (REACH-XY) – CUP B93C22001920001. PNRR MUR project PE0000023-NQSTI – National Quantum Science and Technolgy Institute; MUR – Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2023-2027 – Quantum Sensing and Modelling for One-Health (QuaSiModO) are acknowledged for partial financial support.