@article{f99e4ff344d5466a96bc09810d11f4e0,
title = "Larch wood residues valorization through extraction and utilization of high value-added products",
abstract = "Many of current bio-based materials are not fully or partly used for material utilization, as the composition of their raw materials and/or possible applications are unknown. This study deals with the analysis of the wood extractives from three different tissue of larch wood: Sapwood mainly from outer part of the log, and sound knotwood as well as dead knotwood. The extractions were performed with an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) using hexane and acetone/water. The obtained extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three various vibrational spectroscopy (FT-RAMAN, FT-IR and FT-NIR) methods reflect the information from the extracts to the chemical composition of the types of wood before the extraction processes. Multivariate data analysis of the spectra was used to obtain a better insight into possible classification methods. Taxifolin and kaempferol were found in larger amount in sound knotwood samples compared to larch wood with high percentage of sapwood and dead knotwood samples. While the extractions of dead knotwood samples yielded more larixol and resin acids than the other larch wood samples used. Based on the chemical composition, three lead compounds were defined for the classification of the different wood raw materials. The vibrational spectroscopy methods were applied to show their potential for a possible distinction of the three types of larch wood tissue. This new insight into the different larch wood extracts will help in the current efforts to use more environmentally friendly raw materials for innovative applications. The connection between the raw materials and extraction yields of the target values is important to transform the results from the laboratory to industry and consumer applications.",
keywords = "GC-MS, Kaempferol, Knotwood, Larixol, Taxifolin, Vibrational spectroscopy",
author = "Kerstin Wagner and Maurizio Musso and Stefan Kain and Stefan Willf{\"o}r and Alexander Petutschnigg and Thomas Schnabel",
note = "Funding Information: Differences in wood extractives from various resources of larch wood, sound and dead were observed by a GC-MS method. Sound knotwood can provide a greater extraction yield than dead knotwood were observed by a GC-MS method. Sound knotwood can provide a greater extraction knotwood and larch wood, mainly sapwood with a small amount of heartwood, from the outer part of yield than dead knotwood and larch wood, mainly sapwood with a small amount of heartwood, from the logs, while more resin acids and larixol can be extracted from dead knotwood samples compared the outer part of the logs, while more resin acids and larixol can be extracted from dead knotwood to the sound knotwood and larch wood samples. samples compared to the sound knotwood and larch wood samples. The results from the GC-MS were used to analyze three various spectroscopy methods for the The results from the GC-MS were used to analyze three various spectroscopy methods for the potential of the characterization of wood extractives and identification of the three wood types. With all potential of the characterization of wood extractives and identification of the three wood types. With vibrational spectroscopy used, chemical differences between the wood and knotwood were observed all vibrational spectroscopy used, chemical differences between the wood and knotwood were and can be used to fulfil various research tasks. Moreover, the methods of multivariate statistics were observed and can be used to fulfil various research tasks. Moreover, the methods of multivariate applied to analyze materials by using the score plot and loadings of the PC analysis. These results statistics were applied to analyze materials by using the score plot and loadings of the PC analysis. demonstrate that a classification of various wood tissues based on the different chemical components These results demonstrate that a classification of various wood tissues based on the different chemical (e.g., polyphenols and lipophilic substances) is possible with fast, non-destructive measurement components (e.g., polyphenols and lipophilic substances) is possible with fast, non-destructive methods. The current unused wood chips for material use can be separated into different fractions, measurement methods. The current unused wood chips for material use can be separated into where the extraction yields of the target substance (e.g., taxifolin) are higher compared to the other different fractions, where the extraction yields of the target substance (e.g., taxifolin) are higher fractions. This method may serve as basis to establish guidelines for quality assurance control systems compared to the other fractions. This method may serve as basis to establish guidelines for quality of this new approach for material use to obtain the huge potential of bio-based products for innovative assurance control systems of this new approach for material use to obtain the huge potential of bio-applications and for further efforts in the upscale from laboratory to industrial conditions. based products for innovative applications and for further efforts in the upscale from laboratory to AinudthuosrtrCiaoln ctroinbudtiitoionns:s.Conceptualization, K.W. and S.T.; methodology, K.W., M.M. and S.K.; software, K.W. and S.K.; investigation, K.W., M.M., S.K. and S.W.; resources, M.M., S.W. and A.P.; writing—original draft preparation, K.S.; writing—review and editing, M.M., S.W. and T.S.; supervision, M.M. and S.W.; project administration, A.P. Author Contributions: conceptualization, K.W. and S.T.; methodology, K.W., M.M. and S.K.; software, K.W. and T.S.; funding acquisition, A.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. and S.K.; investigation, K.W., M.M., S.K. and S.W.; resources, M.M., S.W. and A.P.; writing—original draft preparation, K.S.; writing—review and editing, M.M., S.W. and T.S.; supervision, M.M. and S.W.; project Wirtschafts Service) and the region of Salzburg for the support in the development of the Salzburg Center for SmartadminiMaterials.stration, A.P. and T.S.; funding acquisition, A.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Acknowledgments: Kerstin Wagner thanks the COST Action FP 1407 and the Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Funding: This research was funded by EFRE (European Funds for Regional Development), AWS (Austria Wirtschafts Service) and the region of Salzburg for the support in the development of the Salzburg Center for sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used Smart Materials. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2020",
month = feb,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3390/polym12020359",
language = "English",
volume = "12",
journal = "Polymers",
issn = "2073-4360",
publisher = "MDPI",
number = "2",
}