Incorporating Qualitative Criteria in Offshore Wind Tenders: Experiences in Denmark, Finland, Germany, and the Netherlands

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Abstract

Transitioning to a sustainable energy system requires aligning clean energy expansion with socio-economic and environmental objectives. Given that the role of tender design in fostering sustainability has gained recognition, this study examines European policies promoting offshore wind power development and the integration of qualitative criteria in public tenders through a comparative analysis of Denmark, Finland, Germany and the Netherlands. As part of the special issue The Lifecycle of Offshore Wind Power: Nordic Legal Perspectives, this study discusses the policy implications of qualitative criteria in offshore wind tenders, highlighting gaps and the need for further research to achieve a more integrated understanding of their overall impact.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)616-644
JournalOcean Development and International Law
Issue number56
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 23 Nov 2025
MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

  • Energy transition
  • Offshore wind
  • Renewable energy
  • Tender

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