TY - JOUR
T1 - In Vitro Characterization and Real-Time Label-Free Assessment of the Interaction of Chitosan-Coated Niosomes with Intestinal Cellular Monolayers
AU - Scurti, Elena
AU - Martins, João Pedro
AU - Celia, Christian
AU - Palumbo, Paola
AU - Lombardi, Francesca
AU - Iannotta, Dalila
AU - Di Marzio, Luisa
AU - Santos, Hélder A.
AU - Viitala, Tapani
N1 - Funding Information:
This manuscript was partially supported by Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca [FAR 2017, FAR 2018 (D56C18000780005), FAR 2019 (D54I19002790005)] to C.C. and L.D.M.; the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, Italy, under the national project Programma Operativo Nazionale Ricerca e Innovazione (PON) 2014-2020 (CCI 2014IT16M2OP005) Fondo Sociale Europeo, Azione I.1, Dottorati Innovativi con Caratterizzazione Industriale to D.I. H.A.S. acknowledges financial support from the Academy of Finland (No. 331151), the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, and the UMCG Research Funds. T.V. and E.S. acknowledge financial support from the Academy of Finland (No. 13241774). E.S. also acknowledges the financial support of the Erasmus+ programme of the European Union. The authors acknowledge the following core facilities funded by Biocenter Finland: Electron Microscopy Unity of the University of Helsinki for providing the facilities for TEM imaging and the Light Microscopy Unit of the Institute of Biotechnology for the confocal microscope.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
PY - 2023/6/13
Y1 - 2023/6/13
N2 - In vitro cell-based characterization methods of nanoparticles are generally static and require the use of secondary analysis techniques and labeling agents. In this study, bare niosomes and chitosan-coated niosomes (chitosomes) and their interactions with intestinal cells are studied under dynamic conditions and without fluorescent probes, using surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based cell sensing. Niosomes and chitosomes were synthesized by using Tween 20 and cholesterol in a 15 mM:15 mM ratio and then characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS). DLS analysis demonstrated that bare niosomes had average sizes of ∼125 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) below 0.2, and a negative zeta (ζ)-potential of −35.6 mV. In turn, chitosomes had increased sizes up to ∼180 nm, with a PDI of 0.2-0.3 and a highly positive ζ-potential of +57.9 mV. The viability of HT29-MTX, Caco-2, and Caco-2/HT29-MTX cocultured cells showed that both niosomes and chitosomes are cytocompatible up to concentrations of 31.6 μg/mL for at least 240 min. SPR analysis demonstrated that chitosomes interact more efficiently with HT29-MTX, Caco-2, and Caco-2/HT29-MTX cocultures compared to bare niosomes. The resulting SPR measurements were further supported by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry studies, which demonstrated that this method is a useful complementary or even alternative tool to directly characterize the interactions between niosomes and in vitro cell models in label-free and real-time conditions.
AB - In vitro cell-based characterization methods of nanoparticles are generally static and require the use of secondary analysis techniques and labeling agents. In this study, bare niosomes and chitosan-coated niosomes (chitosomes) and their interactions with intestinal cells are studied under dynamic conditions and without fluorescent probes, using surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based cell sensing. Niosomes and chitosomes were synthesized by using Tween 20 and cholesterol in a 15 mM:15 mM ratio and then characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS). DLS analysis demonstrated that bare niosomes had average sizes of ∼125 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) below 0.2, and a negative zeta (ζ)-potential of −35.6 mV. In turn, chitosomes had increased sizes up to ∼180 nm, with a PDI of 0.2-0.3 and a highly positive ζ-potential of +57.9 mV. The viability of HT29-MTX, Caco-2, and Caco-2/HT29-MTX cocultured cells showed that both niosomes and chitosomes are cytocompatible up to concentrations of 31.6 μg/mL for at least 240 min. SPR analysis demonstrated that chitosomes interact more efficiently with HT29-MTX, Caco-2, and Caco-2/HT29-MTX cocultures compared to bare niosomes. The resulting SPR measurements were further supported by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry studies, which demonstrated that this method is a useful complementary or even alternative tool to directly characterize the interactions between niosomes and in vitro cell models in label-free and real-time conditions.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85163265697&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00728
DO - 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00728
M3 - Article
C2 - 37265082
AN - SCOPUS:85163265697
SN - 0743-7463
VL - 39
SP - 8255
EP - 8266
JO - Langmuir
JF - Langmuir
IS - 23
ER -