Skip to main navigation Skip to search Skip to main content

Hierarchical Assembly of Cellulose Fibrils and Tannin in Biocomposite Foam: Scalable Production via Oven Drying and Customizable Metal Ions Release for Antimicrobial Activity

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)
6 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Advanced cellulose-based foams are urgently needed as sustainable packaging materials in an era of prioritizing environmental consciousness. However, transferring the mechanical properties of cellulose fibers into porous structures is always limited by gas entrapment during foaming and irreversible structural collapse upon liquid evaporation. Herein, a hierarchical assembly strategy combines cationic cellulose nanofibrils (CCNF) with a dynamic covalent tannin/borate (T/B) complex to fabricate 3D continuous foams with distinct lamellar structure via oven drying is proposed for scalable production. CCNF assembles the T/B complex onto cellulose fibers by electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding, while the reversible covalent bonds among T/B complex impart shear-thinning and self-healing properties, thereby ensuring foamability (exceeding 300%) and structural stability. Moreover, the T/B foam offers a versatile platform for customization with metal ions (Fe 3+, Cu 2+, and Ag +), allowing the tailoring of physical and mechanical properties. At an optimized tannin addition of 10%, the 10T/5B-Fe foam exhibits the highest normalized strength above 410 Pa/density, while maintaining an ultralow density of 9.2 mg cm 3. Additionally, the pH-responsiveness of T/B complexes enables the release of metal ions for long-term antimicrobial activity. This study demonstrates a green and scalable strategy for functional foam production, offering new possibilities for next-generation antimicrobial packaging materials.

Original languageEnglish
Article number2501776
Number of pages13
JournalSmall
Volume21
Issue number23
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 12 Jun 2025
MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

Z.L. would like to acknowledge the financial support from the China Scholarship Council (Student ID 202109370011) for the doctoral study at Åbo Akademi University (ÅAU), Finland. X.W. would like to thank the Research Council of Finland (333158) for funding her research at ÅAU. This study is also part of the activities of the Åbo Akademi University Foundation SÅA) funded Center of Excellence in Research “Materials-driven solutions for combating antimicrobial resistance (MADNESS)” at ÅAU. Parts of the research used the Research Council of Finland Research Infrastructure “Printed Intelligence Infrastructure” (PII-FIRI).

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

  1. SDG 9 - Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
    SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Hierarchical Assembly of Cellulose Fibrils and Tannin in Biocomposite Foam: Scalable Production via Oven Drying and Customizable Metal Ions Release for Antimicrobial Activity'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this