TY - GEN
T1 - Heat optimisation of a staged gas-solid mineral carbonation process for long-term CO2 storage
AU - Zevenhoven, Ron
AU - Teir, Sebastian
AU - Eloneva, Sanni
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was part of the Nordic Energy Research Programme project on Nordic CO 2 sequestration (NoCO 2 , 2003–2007) and was further supported by Finland's Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation TEKES, the Finnish Recovery Committee and the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK). Soile Aatos, Peter Sorjonen-Ward and Asko Kontinen of GTK at Kuopio are acknowledged for data on mineral resources. RZ acknowledges the Academy of Finland for an Academy Researcher position (2004–2005) while at TKK.
Copyright:
Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2006
Y1 - 2006
N2 - The carbonation of silicate minerals, primarily magnesium silicates, offers an interesting CO2 emissions mitigation option for Finland. Despite large resources of serpentine-type mineral in Finland and at many other places worldwide (exceeding the amount needed to bind the earth's fossil carbon resources) the chemical processing leaves much to be improved. Important features are the very slow chemical kinetics of magnesium silicate carbonation and the fact that the overall carbonation reaction is exothermic. Currently, two carbonation routes can be distinguished: Wet processes using aqueous solutions that give reasonable chemical kinetics while suffering from bad energy economy, and dry, gas-solid processes for which less good chemical kinetics have been achieved so far, but with better energy economy characteristics. The energy economy of a two- or three-stage gas-solid process for magnesium silicate is addressed in this paper. This involves extraction of reactive magnesium as magnesium oxide or hydroxide in an atmospheric pressure step, followed by carbonation at a higher temperature (>500°C) and at elevated pressures (>20 bar) that allow for reasonable carbonation reaction kinetics under conditions where magnesium carbonate is thermodynamically stable. Two goals must be achieved at the same time in a process that is feasible for large-scale application: The kinetics in the individual reactors must be fast enough, and the heat produced in the carbonation step must be sufficient to compensate for energy inputs to the preceding step(s). Excess heat will be of such a temperature level that it may be used in a steam cycle to produce electricity. The results of the paper show what temperature combinations will allow for operation at a negative or zero energy input, for a given pressure of the carbonation process step, given a degree of carbonation conversion and given other energy inputs, such as for mineral preparation and CO2 pre-heat. Softwares used were HSC and Aspen Plus. Also, a few results from gas-solid kinetics studies with magnesium oxidebased materials at the elevated pressures considered are included.
AB - The carbonation of silicate minerals, primarily magnesium silicates, offers an interesting CO2 emissions mitigation option for Finland. Despite large resources of serpentine-type mineral in Finland and at many other places worldwide (exceeding the amount needed to bind the earth's fossil carbon resources) the chemical processing leaves much to be improved. Important features are the very slow chemical kinetics of magnesium silicate carbonation and the fact that the overall carbonation reaction is exothermic. Currently, two carbonation routes can be distinguished: Wet processes using aqueous solutions that give reasonable chemical kinetics while suffering from bad energy economy, and dry, gas-solid processes for which less good chemical kinetics have been achieved so far, but with better energy economy characteristics. The energy economy of a two- or three-stage gas-solid process for magnesium silicate is addressed in this paper. This involves extraction of reactive magnesium as magnesium oxide or hydroxide in an atmospheric pressure step, followed by carbonation at a higher temperature (>500°C) and at elevated pressures (>20 bar) that allow for reasonable carbonation reaction kinetics under conditions where magnesium carbonate is thermodynamically stable. Two goals must be achieved at the same time in a process that is feasible for large-scale application: The kinetics in the individual reactors must be fast enough, and the heat produced in the carbonation step must be sufficient to compensate for energy inputs to the preceding step(s). Excess heat will be of such a temperature level that it may be used in a steam cycle to produce electricity. The results of the paper show what temperature combinations will allow for operation at a negative or zero energy input, for a given pressure of the carbonation process step, given a degree of carbonation conversion and given other energy inputs, such as for mineral preparation and CO2 pre-heat. Softwares used were HSC and Aspen Plus. Also, a few results from gas-solid kinetics studies with magnesium oxidebased materials at the elevated pressures considered are included.
KW - CO storage
KW - Heat optimisation
KW - Mineral carbonation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79955406783&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:79955406783
T3 - ECOS 2006 - Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems
SP - 1661
EP - 1669
BT - ECOS 2006 - Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems
A2 - Frangopoulos, Christos A.
A2 - Rakopoulos, Constantine D.
A2 - Tsatsaronis, George
PB - National Technical University of Athens
T2 - 19th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, ECOS 2006
Y2 - 12 July 2006 through 14 July 2006
ER -