Fluorophore signal detection and imaging enhancement in high refractive index nanowire biosensors

Nicklas Anttu

doi:10.48550/arXiv.2403.16537

Fluorophore signal detection and imaging enhancement in high refractive index nanowire biosensors

Nicklas Anttu^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

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Abstract

Semiconductor nanowires are an efficient platform for fluorescence-based biosensors. Here, we model how a GaP nanowire (i) enhances the excitation intensity at the position of the fluorophore attached to the nanowire sidewall, (ii) enhances the probability to collect photons emitted from the fluorophore, and (iii) through the Purcell effect increases the quantum yield of the fluorophore. With optimized design, we can reach a larger than 10 ² enhancement in signal. We also model imaging-based detection. There, waveguiding in the nanowire beats the limitations set by the depth of view in conventional microscopy, enabling the use of a long nanowire to enhance the binding-area for fluorophores. As an example, we can focus to the top of a 4000 nm long nanowire and reach a 25 times sharper image from a fluorophore at the bottom of the nanowire, as compared to such a 4000 nm defocusing in a conventional planar biosensor platform.

Original language	English
Article number	015005
Journal	Nano Express
Volume	6
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.16537 https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959X/adae27
Publication status	Published - 31 Mar 2025
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

We acknowledge financial support from the Waldemar von Frenckell foundation, \u00C5bo Akademi University Foundation with Crossref Funder ID 501100007360 (G\u00F6sta Branders research fund), and the Research Council of Finland project 359066 (HPC-Phot). The computer resources of the Finnish IT Center for Science (CSC) and the FGCI project (Finland) are acknowledged. We acknowledge discussions about the nanowire biodetector with the Heiner Linke group, the Fredrik H\u00F6\u00F6k group, the Christelle Prinz Group, and the Thoas Fioretos group. We are especially thankful for the discussions with Rubina Davtyan about the optics modelling and optical response of the nanowire biosensor.

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10.48550/arXiv.2403.16537Licence: CC BY
10.1088/2632-959X/adae27Licence: CC BY

Anttu_2025_Nano_Ex._6_015005Final published version, 1.57 MBLicence: CC BY

https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2025030115008

HPC-Phot: High-performance computing in photonics
Anttu, N. (Principal Investigator)
Research Council of Finland
01/01/24 → 31/12/26
Project: Research Council of Finland/Other Research Councils

Cite this

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abstract = "Semiconductor nanowires are an efficient platform for fluorescence-based biosensors. Here, we model how a GaP nanowire (i) enhances the excitation intensity at the position of the fluorophore attached to the nanowire sidewall, (ii) enhances the probability to collect photons emitted from the fluorophore, and (iii) through the Purcell effect increases the quantum yield of the fluorophore. With optimized design, we can reach a larger than 10 2 enhancement in signal. We also model imaging-based detection. There, waveguiding in the nanowire beats the limitations set by the depth of view in conventional microscopy, enabling the use of a long nanowire to enhance the binding-area for fluorophores. As an example, we can focus to the top of a 4000 nm long nanowire and reach a 25 times sharper image from a fluorophore at the bottom of the nanowire, as compared to such a 4000 nm defocusing in a conventional planar biosensor platform.",

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AB - Semiconductor nanowires are an efficient platform for fluorescence-based biosensors. Here, we model how a GaP nanowire (i) enhances the excitation intensity at the position of the fluorophore attached to the nanowire sidewall, (ii) enhances the probability to collect photons emitted from the fluorophore, and (iii) through the Purcell effect increases the quantum yield of the fluorophore. With optimized design, we can reach a larger than 10 2 enhancement in signal. We also model imaging-based detection. There, waveguiding in the nanowire beats the limitations set by the depth of view in conventional microscopy, enabling the use of a long nanowire to enhance the binding-area for fluorophores. As an example, we can focus to the top of a 4000 nm long nanowire and reach a 25 times sharper image from a fluorophore at the bottom of the nanowire, as compared to such a 4000 nm defocusing in a conventional planar biosensor platform.

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Fluorophore signal detection and imaging enhancement in high refractive index nanowire biosensors

Abstract

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HPC-Phot: High-performance computing in photonics

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