Fixation of CO2 by carbonating calcium derived from blast furnace slag

Sanni Eloneva; Sebastian Teir; Justin Salminen; Carl Johan Fogelholm; Ron Zevenhoven

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2008.05.003

Fixation of CO₂ by carbonating calcium derived from blast furnace slag

Sanni Eloneva^*, Sebastian Teir, Justin Salminen, Carl Johan Fogelholm, Ron Zevenhoven

^*Corresponding author for this work

Laboratory of Process and Systems Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

227 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Industrial waste materials, such as steelmaking slags, appear to be potential raw materials for reducing CO₂ emissions by carbonation. The suitability of applying a carbonation route based on acetic acid leaching to produce carbonates from blast furnace slag is presented in this study. The effect of solution pH, temperature, and CO₂ pressure on the precipitation of carbonates was experimentally studied. A simple thermodynamic model was used to verify our results. The feasibility of the process was also discussed, addressing energy input requirements and the consumption of chemicals. According to our experiments, the addition of NaOH, i.e. an increase in solution pH, is required for the adequate precipitation of calcium carbonate at temperatures of 30-70 °C and pressures of 1 or 30 bar. Preliminary process calculations showed that approximately 4.4 kg of blast furnace slag, 3.6 l of acetic acid, and 3.5 kg of NaOH would be required to bind 1 kg of CO₂, resulting in 2.5 kg of 90% calcium carbonate. While the heat needed for the evaporation of the acetic acid could probably be acquired as waste heat by process integration with other processes, the electricity required for NaOH regeneration would make the process unsuitable for CO₂ sequestration.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1461-1467
Number of pages	7
Journal	Energy
Volume	33
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2008.05.003
Publication status	Published - Sept 2008
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

We would like to thank Rita Kallio, Kimmo Kinnunen, and Esko Pöyliö at Ruukki for generously providing us with XRF and XRD services and valuable discussions. We also wish to thank Hannu Revitzer at the Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry for discussions and advice on the experimental rig. We want to thank the Laboratory of Energy Engineering and Environmental Protection for facilitating this work, as well as the Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics and the Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry for providing part of the equipment used in the experiments. We acknowledge the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES), Ruukki Productions, UPM-Kymmene, and Wärtsilä for their financial support.

Keywords

Acetic acid
Calcium carbonate
Carbon dioxide
Mineral carbonation
Steelmaking slag

Access to Document

10.1016/j.energy.2008.05.003

Cite this

@article{c1591ff4a8ab4924b5db0a8ea9d3e77d,

title = "Fixation of CO2 by carbonating calcium derived from blast furnace slag",

abstract = "Industrial waste materials, such as steelmaking slags, appear to be potential raw materials for reducing CO2 emissions by carbonation. The suitability of applying a carbonation route based on acetic acid leaching to produce carbonates from blast furnace slag is presented in this study. The effect of solution pH, temperature, and CO2 pressure on the precipitation of carbonates was experimentally studied. A simple thermodynamic model was used to verify our results. The feasibility of the process was also discussed, addressing energy input requirements and the consumption of chemicals. According to our experiments, the addition of NaOH, i.e. an increase in solution pH, is required for the adequate precipitation of calcium carbonate at temperatures of 30-70 °C and pressures of 1 or 30 bar. Preliminary process calculations showed that approximately 4.4 kg of blast furnace slag, 3.6 l of acetic acid, and 3.5 kg of NaOH would be required to bind 1 kg of CO2, resulting in 2.5 kg of 90\% calcium carbonate. While the heat needed for the evaporation of the acetic acid could probably be acquired as waste heat by process integration with other processes, the electricity required for NaOH regeneration would make the process unsuitable for CO2 sequestration.",

keywords = "Acetic acid, Calcium carbonate, Carbon dioxide, Mineral carbonation, Steelmaking slag",

author = "Sanni Eloneva and Sebastian Teir and Justin Salminen and Fogelholm, \{Carl Johan\} and Ron Zevenhoven",

note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank Rita Kallio, Kimmo Kinnunen, and Esko P{\"o}yli{\"o} at Ruukki for generously providing us with XRF and XRD services and valuable discussions. We also wish to thank Hannu Revitzer at the Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry for discussions and advice on the experimental rig. We want to thank the Laboratory of Energy Engineering and Environmental Protection for facilitating this work, as well as the Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics and the Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry for providing part of the equipment used in the experiments. We acknowledge the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES), Ruukki Productions, UPM-Kymmene, and W{\"a}rtsil{\"a} for their financial support. Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2008",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1016/j.energy.2008.05.003",

language = "English",

volume = "33",

pages = "1461--1467",

journal = "Energy",

issn = "0360-5442",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "9",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Fixation of CO2 by carbonating calcium derived from blast furnace slag

AU - Eloneva, Sanni

AU - Teir, Sebastian

AU - Salminen, Justin

AU - Fogelholm, Carl Johan

AU - Zevenhoven, Ron

N1 - Funding Information: We would like to thank Rita Kallio, Kimmo Kinnunen, and Esko Pöyliö at Ruukki for generously providing us with XRF and XRD services and valuable discussions. We also wish to thank Hannu Revitzer at the Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry for discussions and advice on the experimental rig. We want to thank the Laboratory of Energy Engineering and Environmental Protection for facilitating this work, as well as the Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics and the Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry for providing part of the equipment used in the experiments. We acknowledge the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES), Ruukki Productions, UPM-Kymmene, and Wärtsilä for their financial support. Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2008/9

Y1 - 2008/9

N2 - Industrial waste materials, such as steelmaking slags, appear to be potential raw materials for reducing CO2 emissions by carbonation. The suitability of applying a carbonation route based on acetic acid leaching to produce carbonates from blast furnace slag is presented in this study. The effect of solution pH, temperature, and CO2 pressure on the precipitation of carbonates was experimentally studied. A simple thermodynamic model was used to verify our results. The feasibility of the process was also discussed, addressing energy input requirements and the consumption of chemicals. According to our experiments, the addition of NaOH, i.e. an increase in solution pH, is required for the adequate precipitation of calcium carbonate at temperatures of 30-70 °C and pressures of 1 or 30 bar. Preliminary process calculations showed that approximately 4.4 kg of blast furnace slag, 3.6 l of acetic acid, and 3.5 kg of NaOH would be required to bind 1 kg of CO2, resulting in 2.5 kg of 90% calcium carbonate. While the heat needed for the evaporation of the acetic acid could probably be acquired as waste heat by process integration with other processes, the electricity required for NaOH regeneration would make the process unsuitable for CO2 sequestration.

AB - Industrial waste materials, such as steelmaking slags, appear to be potential raw materials for reducing CO2 emissions by carbonation. The suitability of applying a carbonation route based on acetic acid leaching to produce carbonates from blast furnace slag is presented in this study. The effect of solution pH, temperature, and CO2 pressure on the precipitation of carbonates was experimentally studied. A simple thermodynamic model was used to verify our results. The feasibility of the process was also discussed, addressing energy input requirements and the consumption of chemicals. According to our experiments, the addition of NaOH, i.e. an increase in solution pH, is required for the adequate precipitation of calcium carbonate at temperatures of 30-70 °C and pressures of 1 or 30 bar. Preliminary process calculations showed that approximately 4.4 kg of blast furnace slag, 3.6 l of acetic acid, and 3.5 kg of NaOH would be required to bind 1 kg of CO2, resulting in 2.5 kg of 90% calcium carbonate. While the heat needed for the evaporation of the acetic acid could probably be acquired as waste heat by process integration with other processes, the electricity required for NaOH regeneration would make the process unsuitable for CO2 sequestration.

KW - Acetic acid

KW - Calcium carbonate

KW - Carbon dioxide

KW - Mineral carbonation

KW - Steelmaking slag

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/48949115125

U2 - 10.1016/j.energy.2008.05.003

DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2008.05.003

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:48949115125

SN - 0360-5442

VL - 33

SP - 1461

EP - 1467

JO - Energy

JF - Energy

IS - 9

ER -