Final analysis of regulatory responses and governance models

The first part of the report focuses on how mobility is governed in general and presents concrete implications for the governance of disruptive mobility innovations. Certain disruptive innovations, however, require updates to existing regulations. Apart from the different governance levels, we review different governance models and regulatory approaches that are suitable at different stages of implementing a mobility innovation or depending on the innovation in question. Next, we discuss disruptive mobility innovations in more detail and analyse the governance instruments at different governance levels relevant for several disruptive mobility innovations. In the mobility sector, the most apparent drivers for disruptive innovations include platform and shared economy. Thus we focus on the mobility innovations divided into four categories:
• Cooperative, connected and automated vehicles;
• Infrastructure, network and traffic management;
• MaaS and MaaS platforms;
• Shared and on demand mobility.
With the help of the case studies, we highlight general patterns that are common to the governance of disruptive innovations across different countries. We also acknowledge the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mobility sector by listing a number of governance responses to the pandemic that affect mobility in general and governance of disruptive mobility innovations in particular. We conclude this report with the discussion of how different aspects related to disruptive mobility innovations are currently governed, i.e. which governance instruments and models are applied.