Exosomal PD-L1 functions as an immunosuppressant to promote wound healing

Dandan Su, Hsiang-I Tsai, Zhanxue Xu, Fuxia Yan, Yingyi Wu, Youmei Xiao, Xiaoyan Liu, Yanping Wu, Sepideh Parvanian, Wangshu Zhu, John E Eriksson, Dongqing Wang, Haitao Zhu, Hongbo Chen, Fang Cheng

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

41 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Excessive and persistent inflammation after injury lead to chronic wounds, increased tissue damage or even aggressive carcinogenic transformation. Effective wound repair could be achieved by inhibiting overactive immune cells to the injured site. In this study, we obtained high concentration of PD-L1 in exosomes from either genetically engineered cells overexpressing PD-L1 or IFN-γ stimulated cells. We found that exosomal PD-L1 is specially bound to PD-1 on T cell surface, and suppressed T cell activation. Interestingly, exosomal PD-L1 promoted the migration of epidermal cells and dermal fibroblasts when pre-incubated with T cells. We further embedded exosomes into thermoresponsive PF-127 hydrogel, which was gelatinized at body temperature to release exosomes to the surroundings in a sustained manner. Of importance, in a mouse skin excisional wound model, exosomal PD-L1 significantly fastened wound contraction and reepithelialization when embedded in hydrogel during inflammation phase. Finally, exosomal PD-L1 inhibited cytokine production of CD8+ T cells and suppressed CD8+ T cell numbers in spleen and peripheral lymph nodes. Taken together, these data provide evidence on exosomal PD-L1 exerting immune inhibitory effects and promoting tissue repair.
Original languageEnglish
JournalJournal of extracellular vesicles
Volume9
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2020
MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

  • PD-L1
  • exosomes
  • immunotherapy
  • thermoresponsive hydrogel
  • wound healing

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