TY - JOUR
T1 - Aphanizomenon gracile (Nostocales), a cylindrospermopsin-producing cyanobacterium in Polish lakes
AU - Kokociński, Mikołaj
AU - Mankiewicz-Boczek, Joanna
AU - Jurczak, Tomasz
AU - Spoof, Lisa
AU - Meriluoto, Jussi
AU - Rejmonczyk, Edyta
AU - Hautala, Henna
AU - Vehniäinen, Markus
AU - Pawełczyk, Jakub
AU - Soininen, Janne
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments The financial support was provided by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education through research grants no. N N 304 020 437 and N N 304 014 539. In addition, financial support from Tekes to the Finnish authors, decision number 40193/09, is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Prof. Hindak from the Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences for his help in cyanobacteria identification and Niina Perälä, Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, for the technical assistance in molecular studies.
Copyright:
Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2013/8
Y1 - 2013/8
N2 - The cyanobacterial cytotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) has become increasingly common in fresh waters worldwide. It was originally isolated from Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in Australia; however, in European waters, its occurrence is associated with other cyanobacterial species belonging to the genera Aphanizomenon and Anabaena. Moreover, cylindrospermopsin-producing strains of widely distributed C. raciborskii have not yet been observed in European waters. The aims of this work were to assess the occurrence of CYN in lakes of western Poland and to identify the CYN producers. The ELISA tests, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-DAD, and HPLC-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS were conducted to assess the occurrence of CYN in 36 lakes. The cyrJ, cyrA, and pks genes were amplified to identify toxigenic genotypes of cyanobacteria that are capable of producing CYN. The toxicity and toxigenicity of the C. raciborskii and Aphanizomenon gracile strains isolated from the studied lakes were examined. Overall, CYN was detected in 13 lakes using HPLC-MS/MS, and its concentrations varied from trace levels to 3.0 μg L-1. CYN was widely observed in lakes of western Poland during the whole summer under different environmental conditions. Mineral forms of nutrients and temperature were related to CYN production. The molecular studies confirmed the presence of toxigenic cyanobacterial populations in all of the samples where CYN was detected. The toxicity and toxigenicity analyses of isolated cyanobacteria strains revealed that A. gracile was the major producer of CYN.
AB - The cyanobacterial cytotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) has become increasingly common in fresh waters worldwide. It was originally isolated from Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in Australia; however, in European waters, its occurrence is associated with other cyanobacterial species belonging to the genera Aphanizomenon and Anabaena. Moreover, cylindrospermopsin-producing strains of widely distributed C. raciborskii have not yet been observed in European waters. The aims of this work were to assess the occurrence of CYN in lakes of western Poland and to identify the CYN producers. The ELISA tests, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-DAD, and HPLC-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS were conducted to assess the occurrence of CYN in 36 lakes. The cyrJ, cyrA, and pks genes were amplified to identify toxigenic genotypes of cyanobacteria that are capable of producing CYN. The toxicity and toxigenicity of the C. raciborskii and Aphanizomenon gracile strains isolated from the studied lakes were examined. Overall, CYN was detected in 13 lakes using HPLC-MS/MS, and its concentrations varied from trace levels to 3.0 μg L-1. CYN was widely observed in lakes of western Poland during the whole summer under different environmental conditions. Mineral forms of nutrients and temperature were related to CYN production. The molecular studies confirmed the presence of toxigenic cyanobacterial populations in all of the samples where CYN was detected. The toxicity and toxigenicity analyses of isolated cyanobacteria strains revealed that A. gracile was the major producer of CYN.
KW - Aphanizomenon gracile
KW - Cyanotoxins
KW - Cylindrospermopsin
KW - Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii
KW - cyrA
KW - cyrJ
KW - Lakes
KW - pks
KW - Toxicity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84880618329&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11356-012-1426-7
DO - 10.1007/s11356-012-1426-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 23378259
AN - SCOPUS:84880618329
SN - 0944-1344
VL - 20
SP - 5243
EP - 5264
JO - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
IS - 8
ER -